I. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
*Land lost by Axis powers, especially Germany & Soviet Union. Germany lost land to France Belgium Denmark and Czechoslovakia. Land lost by Germany after WWI was regained by Hitler shortly after. League of Nations agreed not to get involved because it wasn't a big deal. Germany's army reduced to a hundred thousand men; army not allowed tanks or an airforce. West of the Rhineland and 50 km east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone. No German weapons allowed here. Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars and had to accept the War Guilt Clause. They were forbidden to join with Austria. League of Nations set up to keep the peace. United States never joined because they feared it would drag us into war constantly. It required unanimous vote for things to get passed.
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses
-Why didn't the US join
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
Germany
Weimar Republic- prez was more like a king.. chancellor appointed by prez.. Reichstag was like parliament (people didn't like it.. blamed it b/c of signing treaty of versailles..) made up of jews and communists.. people looking for a way to get back on feet and wanted dictatorship.. HItler throw in jail b/c tried to militarily overthrow Weimar Republic then wrote book.. tries to run for prez and lost.. 1933 prez appointed HItler chancellor.. prez dies and becomes dictator calls himself "Der Fuehrer".. tried to make the country strong again and got them out of poverty and promised jobs and got industrial and military jobs.. rebuilt military.. stripped jews of citizens and destroyed way of life.. had to wear armbands saying they were jews killed the jews and put them in concentration camps and made them work.. slave labor camps.. madagascar was where to send jews but nevere happened.. goals were to make country strong again, get back lost land, find room for overcrowded ppl, get rid of jewish race, communists, anyone who looked at you wrong.. Labenstraum-living space.. Hitler gave people jobs in military and told the world that was what they were doing and no one cared. His strategy was BlitzKrieg-lightening war.. take over as much land as fast as possible using planes and machine guns and tanks
Italy
Soviet Union
They lost a lot of land as a result of the Paris Peace Conference. Was given to Poland. Had a czar (king). They had a communist. Bolshevic Revolution leads to first leader of Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin. *Government will disolve away and everyone will be equal* Stalin comes to power after Lenin dies. Stalin wanted to build up military and get back lost land.. got rid of people he did not trust in the military etc. % year plans-goals such as agricultural and industrial output.. collectivization-government took over farms.. nationalization-goverment taking charge of the economy.. and to secure boarders (stalin afraid of US getting them) Military strategy was to outlast the Germans and to burn everything as you retreat/destroy everything that the enemy could use(scorched earth policy).. millions died in the war.. things were seriously destroyed.. became one of the two world super powers
Japan
-wanted to expand to China, but Treaty of Versailles didn't allow that, rather they were granted land from Germany. Wanted China because Japan lacks natural resources, tarriffs were high. Hirohito emperor; main goal was to strengthen military power. Tojo military leader. Came to power because previous leader didin't want war.. people of Japan disagreed and followed Tojo. Japan wanted to control islands and trade, U.S. stood in the way of both. Japan built up military and invaded China. Hit hard by WWII.. cities demolished. US helped rebuild so that communists would and can't have that.. Rape of Nanking? (sp.) in China
Great Britain
wanted to appeal to the public which wanted revenge on Germany.. but didn't want to destroy them b/c communism was on the rise when they could be a defense against communism.. Monarachy was/still is.. Chamberlain was not popular. He thought he had made peace for everyone b/c he gave Hitler Czecslavakia.. Winston Chruchill's goals were self preservation where don't give in to Hitler (bombing every night), defeat Hitler, motivating the people.. Mititary strategy was to take control of the air and water b/c couldnt fight on land.. Held their ground until the US entered the war.. part of the Allied powers.. the country was left in ruins, everything destroyed, economical problems, no longer a superpower.. had rations on food and gas
France
Leader, Clemerceau, hated Germany and Germany had to pay reparations to France. Demilitarilized Germany and couldn't be in Rhineland.. Constitutional monarchy.. Vichy Government (pro German government) led by Marshal Henri Petain did everything that Hitler wanted him to do.. North controlled by Nazis and South controlled by Petain and the Vichy Government.. France had been taken over by Germany.. Basic government fled England and we dealt with Charles de Gaulle (Free French Underground) French goals were to get their country back from Germany and take down Hitler and to hold onto empire if possible.. French military strategy: Gaulle like tanks (: maginot line-concrete fortification of artillery to stop German advance on France and put up huge steel posts to stop tanks FAIL .. thought defensive strategies were the best.. WWII put France into heavy recession and government stayed out of affairs.. France is no longer a world power.. ends up in Vietnam war
China
Republic of China.. Chiang Kai Shek was official leader of China.. led Nationalist Party.. wanted to take back all lost territories.. was going to be taken over by everyone else.. Open Door Policy in China and independent China.. allied with Communist Party to get Shang Hai.. then civil war between Chiang Kai Shek and Mao Zedong over control.. US sides w/ Chiang Kai Shek.. Japan invades and takes over Manchura for resources and also takes Shang Hai and Bejing.. Mao and Chiang work together to fight the Japs.. Japs treated Chinese bad.. 2 million casualties and disease too..
US
Canada
Australia
IV. Hitler's Treatment of the Jews
V. Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement
VI. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference
-Kellog-Briand Pact
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's
-Quarantine Speech
-Bases for Destroyers
-Lend-Lease Act
VII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
VIII. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!
-Japan and China
-Germany and Poland
-Germany and France
-Germany and Great Britain
-Germany and the Soviet Union
IX. Pearl Harbor
Important People:
Hitler- Germany; Axis
Mussolini- Italy; Axis
Churchill- Great Britain; Allies
FDR- U.S.; Allies
Tojo- Japan; Axis
Stalin- Soviet Union; Allies
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