National War Labor Board- the workers, the owners of the companies, and the government came together to ensure that workers did not go on strike.
-The US Homefront
- Women's role
- worked in the factories for the men who were fighting in the war; factories were a key factor in why the allies won the war
- Rosie the Riveter = represented women saying we can help in this war and won't get building muscles
- Nursing was a common job for woman also
- Others = waitresses, taxi drivers, farm workers, typist, secretary job, nursing, factory workers, laundrist etc.
- They tried to recruit women by telling them 'the more you work, the faster your loved ones can return home to you.'
- Women's army core = women just help out with everyday jobs that the men could not do while they were overseas.
- WAVES (Women's Navy) = they wouldn't fight on the seas but they would do everything that was non-combat like
- WASP (women's army service pilots) = they would test plans and work on them
- WAC (Women's army core) = any type of work that didn't involve combat
- Factories-War Production Board
Tried to encourage mass production of goods; this United States production of goods for the allies was probably the #1 reason why we won WW2
Make as much stuff as you could; don't waste time while you're working
National War Labor Board = all about workers and owners working together and put aside their differences and work together so that no strikes would break out. "Because together we win"
- War bonds
- An investment where you would lend money to the government; you would eventually make interest on this and earn money back
- The more money you had, the more war bonds you invested in
- This paid for the war; People Purchased war bonds in order to help the government fund the war financially.
- Japanese relocation camps
Made because the government were fearful of Japanese spies and we couldn't trust them
It was like a concentration camp for the Japanese but there were very few deaths/killings from sickness and some violent acts (not many) and it was nothing close to the Jews concentration camps; they were able to play sports, go to school, get jobs and get paid.
The Japanese-Americans we caught were actually innocent. The only Japan spies we caught were Caucasian
These camps were mostly in the west; many in California
On October 1, 1993, President Bill Clinton officially wrote an apology for forcing the Japanese-Americans into camps; this letter also made an Act to make mends with them and make things right; they were given money
- Propaganda
Persuading people to do something
Examples= Getting people to buy war bonds, Enlisting yourself in the military during WW2, Made U.S. look great and Germany look bad, 'Do your part' to work (women etc)
Urgency was a key thing with propaganda; do it TODAY
Posters, songs, movies, phrases etc
- War rationing-Office of Price Administration
Set up to prevent the rich from hording all the food
In the spring of 1942, food rationing was set into motion
Involved food stamps: Red/Blue stamps
Made it so each family during the war could only have so much food/oil/gas/silk/nylon per week; it made sure everybody got something
Each family was allowed 5 gallons of gas per week; this amount ranged depending on your occupation (doctors, truck drivers, war workers got more than a normal civilian)
Each family was issued a war rationed book which kept track of their food intake and guaranteed them food every week.
There were illegal activities going on though; selling gasoline for money, copying stamps, giving stamps to friends/family etc.
Horse meat was not rationed
- Hollywood in WWII
Hollywood had a very big influence on the public during WW2. They used films as a form of propaganda to portray the enemy as being incompetent and stupid. They portrayed the US look smart and victorious. Bob Hope and the USO tour: A tour of comedians, musicians, actors ect. who go overseas to entertain the troops to keep morale high.
- The story of "Kilroy was here"
Was started on a ship by a man who was simply trying to make his mark and ensure that he got paid for his hours. The symbol became very popular on the sides of US ships ect.
US Fighting:
- -US in Africa
War took place in North Africa from June, 1940 to May, 1943. Germany, Vichy France, and Italy vs. Great Britain and Free French. US got involved later in May of 1942.
Took place in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts, also in Morocco, Algeria and ended in Tunisia.
They were fighting for resources and control of African colonies as well as the Mediterranean.
They landscape there was very flat. The desert climate made it very difficult to get water to troops. Tanks played a very large part in the fight in Africa.
Operation Torch- Code name for the huge invasion of northern Africa by US forces. Occurred in 1942.
Erwin Rommel- The greatest general that Germany had during the war in Africa. He was called the "Desert Fox". Was later killed by the Nazi's in consequence of his involvement in a plan to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
General George Patton- Led the US in Africa.
-US in Italy
-D-Day
-US bombing of Germany
-VE Day and the story of Germany surrendering
-Battle of Coral Sea: May of 1942. General Nimitz lead the US through this battle.
-Battle of Midway: Most important naval battle in the pacific. Took place in June of 1942, Magic alerted us that this attack was going to occur which gave us time to prepare.
-Battle of Iwo Jima: February and March of 1945. One of the bloodiest battles of the war, Very high casualties. Japan lost almost 21,000 (90%) men because they were trained to fight to the death. It was a US victory, but we lost 6,821 men. It was an amphibious attack.
-Battle of the Philippines:
-Battle of Okinawa: Lasted for 82 days. Started in April and ended in mid June of 194?. Very high Japanese casualties. The US victory was important because it was so close to Japan which would make bombing them very easily.
-Hiroshima bombing
-Nagasaki bombing
-VJ Day and the story of Japan surrendering
-Yalta Conference
-Potsdam Conference
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