Appeasement Policy
- "a diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to an aggressor"
- Great Britain and France used this policy throughout the 1930's
- Helped give Japan, Italy and Germany confidence that they would face no consequences for their actions
- Considered to be a huge mistake by historians
Munich Conference
- Neville Chamberlain - Great Britain
- Adolf Hitler - Germany
- Benito Mussolini - Italy
- Edouard Daladier - France
***
- Compromise known as Munich Pact
- Germany as given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakia had the option to accept Pact or deal with Germany itself
- Czechoslovakia lost its defensible borders and forts
- Czechoslovakia also lost 70% of its iron/steel. 70% if its electrical power and 3.5 million citizens to Germany as a result of the settlement.
- British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain started taking Nazi Germany and Hitler much more seriously after this
- Winston Churchill had warned about this happening (Hitler taking over Czechoslovakia)
- Great Britain and France started mobilizing for war
Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
- Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
- Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half
- Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania
- *People were shocked when found out about it!*
- Poland was in a very tough position
- Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked
Axis Powers:
- Germany
- Italy
- Japan
Allied Powers:
- Great Britain
- Soviet Union
- United States
- China
- France
- Australia
- Canada
Maginot Line
- Maginot line - visual visit - thionville fortification system
- Was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defenses
- France constructed this along its borders with Germany and Italy after what happened to them in WW1
- Built from 1930-1940
Vichy Government
- Led by Marshal Henri Petain
Free French Underground
- Led by Charles de Gaulle
Nazi Goals
- 1. Destroy the Royal Air Force (before invasion was possible - hopefully by 9-15)
- 2. Attack and destroy the British Navy
- 3. Attack British troops
- 4. After gaining air superiority, the invasion of Great Britain would begin if Great Britain had not already surrendered
- ***Germany never succeeded in number 1.
- ***German bombers did so poorly against the rAF that they started bombing at night only - randomly attacking cities
- ***Great Britain was aided heavily by the radar and Ultra
1940 Election
- FDR vs. Wendell Wilike
Battle of the Pacific
- stop things from getting to other places
German Invasion of USSR - June, 1941
- Final plan for Operation Barbarossa
- largest military operation in history in both manpower and casualties
- You'll win: Linengraud, Moscow, Stallinsry
Scorched Earth Policy
- Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated
- Didn't want Germany to get their stuff/resources
The Atlantic Charter - FDR/Churchill
- August 1941
- Set up the war goals of the US and Great Britain
- No territorial gain
- No territorial changes without the peoples support from countries
- Free trade
- Freedom of the seas
- Stronger League of Nations
***Pearl Harbor***
- In July, 1941, Japan invaded French Indochina
- In response, the US stops trading with Japan
- Due to embargo, Japan felt it had three options:
- abandon ambitions in South East Asia
- compromise with the US
- attack Dutch and British possessions in the Pacific and US bases in the Pacific
- Yamamoto felt that if Japan had any chance of winning a war against the US it must destroy the US Pacific fleet in a surprise attack
- A surprise attack would give Japan at least six months to dominate SE Asia unopposed
- Japan thought that the US then would face a long, bloody struggle and would settle for a negotiated peace that would allow Japan to do as it pleased in Asia
- Tojo replaces Konoye as Premier of Japan. Konoye wanted to negotiate with the US. Tojo didn’t and had a low regard of the US
- Tojo wanted war but Emperor Hirohito wanted on last peace attempt.
- Japan offered this:
1. Open door policy everywhere and Japan would withdraw from French Indochina
2. US would stop Lend-Lease Aid to China and start trading with Japan again
3. Japan would start peace talks with China
- US refused plan on November 29th
- US took a hard line stance with Japan now because we had deciphered their diplomatic code(Magic) and knew that they had some type of attack plan.
Magic Information
- “November 29th is the deadline”
- “things are automatically going to happen”
- Japan felt that the key to success in the Pacific was air and sea power
-especially launching airplanes from aircraft carriers and submarines attacking enemy ships
- Japan had ten aircraft carriers to our three in the Pacific(based in Pearl Harbor)
Japanese Pearl Harbor Attack Plan (there)
- destroy three aircraft carriers, eight battleships, seven cruisers and other small ships
- attack Wake Island and Guam
- attack Malay and Hong Kong
- attack Philippines, Dutch East Indies and Burma
Japanese attack force consisted of:
- Six aircraft carriers
- 360 airplanes
- -Kate High level bombers
- -dive and torpedo bombers
- -Zero fighters
- -two battleships, three cruisers, eight destroyers
- Admiral Nagumo commanded the force
- To succeed, Japan had to travel 3,500 miles without being detected. That meant absolute radio silence and travelling through a vast, lonely expanse of the Pacific Ocean. This attack had to be a complete surprise.
Comments