Quiz on Friday, starts on slide 62 and Bruns wants to finish his powerpoint.
German Invasion of Denmark and Norway-April,1940
-Had to go over water
-the first negative thing to happen to german
-German wasn't able to get control of the North Sea from GB,
-Many of the german battleships were sunk by the British.
Invasion of France 1940
-the idea was to take over France in a month
Maginot Line
-line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defense
-France constructed this along its borders with Germany and Italy after what happened to them in WW1
-built from 1930-1940
-borders weren't very important with airplanes...could just fly over them.
-Ultimately failed because planes could get over the border but then when it got to Belgium
-Germany invades Belgium
Miracle of Dunkirk
-hitler's first mistake
-thousands of british and other soldiers leave Dunkirk and go to Britain
-hitler ordered his troops not to invade til the panzers got there.
-Saved hundreds of thousands of troops and POW's
Vichy Government
-gov. in southern france that hitler allowed to remain in control.
-they were hitler's lap dogs...did what ever hitler told them to do
-led by Marshal Henri Petain
Free French Underground
-a lot of french people fled from france to GB
-Led by Charles de Gaulle
-Were are french allies
-goal was to free france
Europe prior to the Battle of Britain-July,1940
-Britain was the only ally country not to be taken over
-hitler had respect for britain...he believed them to be part of the aryan race
-the Germans bombed britain day and night
Nazi Goals
-1.)Destroy the Royal Air Force(before invasion was possible-hopefully by 9-15)
-2.)attack and destroy the British Navy
-3.)Attack British troops
-4.)After gaining air superiority the invasion of GB would be begin if GB had not already surrendered
**Germany never succeeded in achieving #1
**German bombers did so poorly against the RAF that they started bombing at night only-randomly attacking cities
** GB was aided heavily be the radar and Ultra-code name for the intercepting and deciphering enemy codes
-bombing at night...you couldn't see your targets so it became terror bombing...because bombs were dropped randomly.
Luftwaffe
-name of german airforce
-messerschmitt Bf 109
Herman Goering
Bases for Destroyers-September 1940
-Great Britain gave us 99 year leases on the following bases:
-Antigua-Naval Air Station, Sea Plane Base
-British Guiana-Naval Air Station
-US gave GB destroyers for some bases
1940 Election
-FDR vs. Wendell Willke
-FDR thought why would you want change in middle of war
-republicans were making a come back
FDR signs the Lend-Lease Act
-we would lend or lease supplies to people in war that were allies
-Started showing we were choosing sides
-idea was that the other countries would give the stuff back after war
-we helped war big time with this
Pearl Harbor
In July, 1941, Japan invaded French Indochina
In response, the US stops trading with Japan
Due to embargo, Japan felt it had three options:
1. abandon ambitions in South East Asia
2. compromise with the US
3. attack Dutch and British possessions in the Pacific and US bases in the Pacific
Yamamoto felt that if Japan had any chance of winning a war against the US it must destroy the US Pacific fleet in a surprise attack
A surprise attack would give Japan at least six months to dominate SE Asia unopposed
Japan thought that the US then would face a long, bloody struggle and would settle for a negotiated peace that would allow Japan to do as it pleased in Asia
Tojo replaces Konoye as Premier of Japan. Konoye wanted to negotiate with the US. Tojo didn’t and had a low regard of the US
Tojo wanted war but Emperor Hirohito wanted on last peace attempt.
Japan offered this:
1. Open door policy everywhere and Japan would withdraw from
French Indochina
2. US would stop Lend-Lease Aid to China and start trading with Japan again
3. Japan would start peace talks with China
US refused plan on November 29th
US took a hard line stance with Japan now because we had deciphered their diplomatic code(Magic) and knew that they had some type of attack plan.
Magic Information
“November 29th is the deadline”
“things are automatically going to happen”
Japan felt that the key to success in the Pacific was air and sea power
-especially launching airplanes from aircraft carriers and submarines attacking enemy ships
Japan had ten aircraft carriers to our three in the Pacific(based in Pearl Harbor)
Japanese Pearl Harbor Attack Plan
1. destroy three aircraft carriers, eight battleships, seven cruisers and other small ships at pearl harbor
2. attack Wake Island and Guam
3. attack Malay and Hong Kong
4. attack Philippines, Dutch East Indies and Burma
Japanese attack force consisted of:
1. Six aircraft carriers
2. 360 airplanes
-Kate High level bombers
-dive and torpedo bombers
-Zero fighters
3. two battleships, three cruisers, eight destroyers
Admiral Nagumo commanded the force
To succeed, Japan had to travel 3,500 miles without being detected. That meant absolute radio silence and travelling through a vast, lonely expanse of the Pacific Ocean. This attack had to be a complete surprise.
“Backdoor to War” Conspiracy
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