Next quiz starts on slide 62
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria.
- What did this situation prove?-
- The league of nations could not enforce it's authority.
- A major power could get away with using force.
- Great Britain and France wanted to avoid war at all cost.
- The league loses it's most powerful member in the Far- East- Japan
Roosevelt was a better president then Hoover
Good Neighbor Policy.
- FDR realized we had to become better neighbors for two reasons
- Trade- good because of the great Depression
- making sure that our neighbors did not have allies with our neighboring policies. To keep Mussolini and Hitler out of there
Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
- Italy lost it's Ethiopia colon in Africa at the 1896 battle of Adua
- One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history
- Feb 23, 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia
- Oct 7, 1935, league of nations declared Italy the aggressor.
- They wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea and Africa
- Italy got it's revenge and won
-Nov 1935 leagues sanctions beign
- arms embargo, financial embargo, no importation of Italian goods
Feb 1936-League could not agrre on critical oil sanction mainly because FDR refused - US controlled 50% of trade
Feb 29, 1936-FDR singed the 1936 nuetratlity act
- Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
- Mandatory ban of laons to warring Nations
May 5- Italy occupied Addis Acaba- Annexed Ethiopia
The Spanish Civil War 1936-39 Generalissimo Francisco Franco
- Hitler helped him come to power, but they were not really allies
Rome- Berlin Axis 1936
Was the official Alliance between of Germany and Italy that the world would run through Rome and Berlin their two
China was With Japan, and Soviet Was with Japan- They bit of more than they could chew China was just way to huge. China proved too much for Japan. They Japanese and the Chinese do not get along. They would trade them really bad. Civilians were killed. Infants and children were raped, and they were stabbed in different parts of their body. This is were the Japanese were painted as terrible people. Rape of Nanking 1937
Quarantine Speech 1937
- He said that the all the countries of the world need to come together, and take over all the bad countries from expanding. This is were Roosevelt started to takes sides. The bad countries need to be Quarantined
Appeasement Policy
- A diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by makng concession to an aggressor.
-Helped give Japan, And Italy, and Germany confidence thatthey would face no consequences for their action.
- Considered to be a huge mistake by historians.
- It was a huge mistake by avoiding all the things that those countries were doing.
- sometimes you have to use force to get them to back down.
Panay Incident 1937
Japan attacked the ship, when the U.S went to recover some people, and to protect their interest. The ship was headed to China. Japan apologized, and we kept on trading with them.
Anschluss With Austria 1938
German word for Union. Austria asked to be part of Germany, and Hitler was born in Austral. This was an example of appeasement. They let Hitler take Austria without any consequences.
Sudetenland/Munich Conference-1938
was a park of Czechoslovakia- all he wanted was to reunited the German speaking people.
Leaders
- Neville Chamberlain- Great Britain
- Adolf Hitler- Germany
- Benito Mussolini- Italy
- Edouard Daladier- France
What happened
- Germany was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakia had to option to accept the pact or deal with Germany itself.
- Czechoslovakia lots it's defensible borders and fortifications
- Czechoslovakia also lost 70% of its iron, 70%, of its electrical power and 3.5 citizens to Germany as a result of the settlement
- Hitler promised not to take anymore more land. He promised he was done. I was Lie. He told them exactly what they wanted to hear, and back stabbed them in the back . Then he took the rest of the country in March 1939. It was the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic
Chamberlain was seen as a hero " Peace of Our time" but only for another year.
Winston Churchill criticized the appeasement policy
The prime minister Chamberlain started taking Germany and Hitler more seriously
Great Britain and France started mobilizing for war. Winston Churchill said I told you so!
Nazi- Soviet Non-aggression fact 1939
-He realized that he could not fight a war because he was going to be attack from all sides. The Soviet was not officially part of the axis power. They were buddies but not really. Soviets did not want to worry about Germany and Germany did not want to worry about the Soviets. Hitler hated Communism, and that's why he hated the Soviets.
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
- Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war.
- Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland, Germany would get the western half and the USSR the eastern half
Reaction?
- shock, Poland was in a though spot, Hitler thought ti would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promises to help Poland if attacked. Poland was really weak. Hitler was wrong with this idea
Blitzkrieg-Lightning war. Wining as quickly as possible.
- Attack first with airplanes, and take out enemy airplanes, and air crafts, and communication
-So the tanks and troops are invading, and Mechanized units trucks with troops. Trying to quickly trapped the enemy on both sides. It send out the message that Germany was unbeatable because they beat France after a month.
Sitzkrieg- /sitting war /The phony war
-everyone had declared war but nothing was happening
Triparatite Pact is signed- axis Powers
-Germany, Italy, Japn
- others- Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary
Allied Powers
-Britain, Soviet Union, United States, China, France, Canada, Australia
Latin- Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico,
-Most of the world was on our side.
Control of the North Sea-
Was critical, but it was not difficult to take over Norway and Denmark in April 1940
The battle of France,- Germany used the same plan as they did in WW1, but were successful. The Bonshiflan Plan.
- Maginot Line- Was a line of concrete fortifications tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun post, and other defenses,
- France constructed this along its border with Germany and Italy after what happened to them in WW1
- But from 1930-1940
City in Begium French, British, and Belgian Forces, were evacuated to Britain from Belgium get our of Dunkirk it was a victory that we saved all those peoples lives.
Defeat of France- Hitlers crowing moment
Vichy Government- Government in France that Hitter allowed to keep in control of southern France- helped round of French Jews to Concentration camps- Led by marshal Henry Petain. Pro Germany
Free French Underground- Charles De Gualle- Commander of French forces that would partake in the D- day invasion- the goal was to free France form German Control- like the Underground railroad, not underground but just a secrete
Great Britain only Country left standing- Hitler Respected G.B he believed they were Aryans, he respected them, so he had no choice but to take them over. That never happened
- Battle of Britain- he wanted to boomed Britain in submission-
Nazi Goals
- Destroy the Royal Air force- Before invasion was possible-hopefully by 9-15
- Attack and Destroy The British Navy
- Attack British Troops
After gaining air superiority, the invasion of Great Britain would begin if G. B had not already surrendered
* He never even achieved goal number 1.
* German bombers did so poorly against the RAF that thety started bombing at night only- randomly attacking cites- that way people would surrender, by fear, Business, houses, churches would get hit.
*** G.B was aided heavily by radar and Ultra- Top secret until the 1970's- one of the top reason we won the war- we were able to intercept and decipher Germany's codes.
Herman Goering- was the leader of the Luftwaffe- German Air force
British Propaganda- battle of the Britain-like things to do when bombings happened tried to keep people as positive as possible
Bases For Destroyers- September 1940-Gave Great Britain Destroyers, and they gave us Naval Vases
1940 Election-
FDR-was the only President and will be the only one that was elected 3 and 4 times.
Wendell Wilkie -Lost because he has no experience
Non Neutrality- Lend Lease act march 1941- We lend money to countries that we thought needed our help, any one that was anti Axis Powers.
gave out, planes, ammunition, tanks, etc, not money, food, we were economically getting tied to the war
War in the Atlantic-Germany was doing better here- Early part of the war. U-boat warfare. The battle for the Atlantic is trying to get food to the allies or is Germany going to try to sink every one of them
German invasion OF USSR June 1941
- Final plan for operation Barbarossa
- Largest military operation in history both manpower and causalities, Leningrad , Moscow, Stalingrad were the 3 cities to take over.
Scorched Earth Policy-
- Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated
- What is this- to destroyed railroads, crops, bridges that way Germany would not get to it.
What caused the Germans to loose the war?
- They were not prepared to fight a winter war- winter slowed the Germans Slow down. There was millions and Millions and millions of deaths.
Atlantic Charter-August 1941
- set up war goals of the US and Great Britain- weird because we were not in war yet.
Not territorial gain, no territorial changes without the people support form those countries, self determination, free trade, destruction of the Nazis and then setting up a peaceful government in Germany, Freedom of the seas, Abandon the use of force, disarmament and a stronger league of nations
62- to the end on test
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