Quiz starts with slide 62 goes to end.
Battle for the Atlantic
-is about can GB get enough food and supplies into the country
-can Germany sink enough ships.
-North Sea was a battle ground, but manly controlled by Great Britian
-Starts off with hundereds of ships then goes up to almost 2000 ships sunk in 1942 then the numbers dropped again.
German Invasion of USSR-June 1941
-final plan for Operation Barbarossa
-largest military operation in history in both manpower and casualties
-Stalingrad, Moscow, Lemingrad
-supply lines are long
-Germans are cold,hungary, and they are not prepared for the winter
-Russia started pushing Germany back
-Hitler was never able to take over Lemingrad, Moscow and Stalingrad
-This was the beginning of the end for the Germans
Scorched Earth Policy
-Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated
Atlantic Charter-FDR/Churchill
-FDR meets with Churchill off the coast of Newfoundland
-August 1941
-Set up the war goals of the US and Great Britain
-No territorial gain
-No territorial changes without the peoples support form those countries
-Self-determination
-Free trade
-destruction of the Nazis and then setting up a peaceful government in Germany
-Freedom of the Seas
-Abandon the use of force, disarmament and a stronger League of Nation
Pearl Harbor
-In July, 1941, Japan invaded French Indochina
-In response, the US stops trading with Japan
-Due to embargo, Japan felt it had three options:
- 1. abandon ambitions in South East Asia
- 2. compromise with the US
- 3. attack Dutch and British possessions in the Pacific and US bases in the Pacific
-Yamamoto felt that if Japan had any chance of winning a war against the US it must destroy the US Pacific fleet in a surprise attack
-A surprise attack would give Japan at least six months to dominate SE Asia unopposed
-Japan thought that the US then would face a long, bloody struggle and would settle for a negotiated peace that would allow Japan to do as it pleased in Asia
-Tojo replaces Konoye as Premier of Japan. Konoye wanted to negotiate with the US. Tojo didn’t and had a low regard of the US
-Tojo wanted war but Emperor Hirohito wanted on last peace attempt.
-before this US told Japan that we wouldn't trade with them until they withdraw from French Indochina and China
Japan offered this:
1. Open door policy everywhere and Japan would withdraw from French Indochina
2. US would stop Lend-Lease Aid to China and start trading with Japan again
3. Japan would start peace talks with China
-US refused plan on November 29th
-US took a hard line stance with Japan now because we had deciphered their diplomatic code(Magic) and knew that they had some type of attack plan.
Magic Information
“November 29th is the deadline”
“things are automatically going to happen”
-Japan felt that the key to success in the Pacific was air and sea power
-especially launching airplanes from aircraft carriers and submarines attacking enemy ships
Japan had ten aircraft carriers to our three in the Pacific(based in Pearl Harbor)
Japanese Pearl Harbor Attack Plan
- 1. destroy three aircraft carriers, eight battleships, seven cruisers and other small ships at pearl harbor
- 2. attack Wake Island and Guam(US territories)
- 3. attack Malay and Hong Kong(British territories)
- 4. attack Philippines, Dutch East Indies and Burma(Dutch territories)
Japanese attack force consisted of:
- 1. Six aircraft carriers
- 2. 360 airplanes
-Kate High level bombers
-dive and torpedo bombers
-Zero fighters
- 3. two battleships, three cruisers, eight destroyers
Admiral Nagumo commanded the force
To succeed, Japan had to travel 3,500 miles without being detected. That meant absolute radio silence and travelling through a vast, lonely expanse of the Pacific Ocean. This attack had to be a complete surprise.
-Japan called off the 3rd attack and they didn't take out the aircraft carriers
“Backdoor to War” Conspiracy
-there was a belief that we took a hard line stance...so Japan would attack us
-that we forced they...made it to the point where they had to attack us...so we could join the war
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