Munich Conference
-The conference was between Germany, Britain, France, and Italy.
-The Czechoslovakian prime minister was not invited.
-Was signed at 1 AM on September 30th but was dated September 29th, 1938.
-The Western leaders agreed to divide Czechoslovakia with the promise that Hitler would take no more land.
- The goal was that Adolf Hitler would add the Sudetenland (western regions of Czechoslovakia where ethnic Germans lived.)
- It promised the Czech army would get away from the "German Areas" of Czechoslovakia.
- The Western leaders agreed to divide Czechoslovakia with the promise that Hitler would take no more land. He ended up with a lot more.
- The agreement failed. A couple years later World War 2 started.
- They met for the meeting in Munich, Germany.
Invasion of China
- The decisions that led to the Japanese Invasion of China were made by the Japanese Army, and politicians either friendly to the Army or intimidated by it.
- Japanese launched a full scale invasion of China in 1937, called the Second Sion-Japanese War.
- Japanese claimed the Chinese fired at them at Marco Polo Bridge, which began the war.
- Within 5 months, 1 million Chinese were under control of the Japanese.
- All major cities of China were captured by the end of 1937.
- Chinese forces were unable to effectively resist the Japanese. Japan had a modern, well-equipped army. China did not.
- China had not industrialized like Japan.
- US and Soviet Union put an end to the war.
- The US and Soviet Union attacked the Japanese by dropping the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
- After the allied victory in the Pacific, General Douglas MacArthur ordered all Japanese forces in China to surrender.
- 20 million deaths.
- 15 million wounded.
- Japanese suffered a total of 1,055,000 deaths.
- 1,172,000 Japanese wounded.
- The conflict lasted from 1937 to 1945, 8 years, 1 month, and 3 days.
The German Soviet Non-Aggressive Pact
- It was a pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
- Soviet Union Leader, Joseph Stalin did this to keep his country at peace with Germany while they built up a military.
- Agreed not to take any military action for the next 10 years.
- Kept a secret agreement in which Germany and Soviets agreed that later the would divide up Eastern Europe.
- Fought a 3 front war in WW.
- The 2 front war split.
- Russia didn't want them against Germany.
- This agreement greatly affected Easter Germany.
- In exchange the Soviets didn't join the future war, Germany gave them Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (The Baltic States.)
- When WWII started the Soviets did not join the fight against Germany.
- The Nazis and the Soviets kept the terms of the pact and the protocol until Germany's surprise attack and invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22nd, 1941.
- Hitler used the pact to made sure Germany was able to invade Poland unopposed.
Battle of Britain
-Main fighter planes were the hurricane and spitfire.
- Germans fought to far away from their bases so that fuel and rearming were impossible.
- The battle of Britain remains one of the most famous battles of WWII.
- Bad weather stopped the German air force from their planned daily raids in August.
- September 15th, the German air force lost 60 planes while the Royal Air force only lost 28.
- Hitler planned to invade Britain on June 18, 1940.
- Churchill gave a speech to British people.
-4 days later France surrendered to Hitler.
Making China Massacre
- In December of 1937 the Japanese imperial army marched into China's capital city.
- Japanese killed 300,000 out of the 600,000 Chinese people.
- Burnings, stabbings, drownings, stranglings, and rapes occurred.
- Massive property damages.
- The streets were ran red of blood.
- Japanese death record was kept secret.
- Some still don't admit to the violence even though Japan admitted to the massacre.
Anchluss
- Means union in German.
- Union between German and Austria.
- Invasion and annexation of Austria in March 1938.
- It was very unsuccessful.
- When Austrian government changed to a authoritarian right wing government Germany began to get worried.
- In February 1938 Hitler forces Austria to let him take control.
- The Chancellor of Austria disagreed but was buried into it.
- The merging of Austria and Germany had previously been forbidden by Article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles.
- The Austrian Chancellor tried to crack down on the socialists and Nazis because he thought were tearing the country apart.
-Dollfuss banned the Nazi party.
- Failed because the Austrian militarily intervened to back up the government.
- Succeeded in 1938.
Policy of Appeasement
-To bring to a state of peace, quiet, calm, or contentment; pacify, soothe.
- Efforts by France and Britain in the 1930's to allow Nazi Germany to have almost anything they wanted, hoping that Hitler would stop his aggressive ways.
- Let Germany build up its army even though it wasn't suppose to be allowed.
- Let Hitler put troops in Rhineland.
- They let Hitler take Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia.
- Policy was suppose to get Hitler to stop what he was doing but only made him want to be more aggressive.
- Many agreed that the Treaty of Versailles was to strict on Germany.
- Britain and France couldn't decide if the Soviet Communism or Germany was a greater threat.
- They were to far away to protect Poland and Czechoslovakia.
Blitzkrieg and Sitzkrieg
- Blitzkrieg is Military Strategy used by Germany.
- Tanks, troops, combat engineers, and air power.
- Concentrated.
- Fast and quick.
- Break enemy lines kept going.
- Came from Heinz Guderian.
- Wrote a military pamphlet called "Achtung Panzer."
- He used it against British, French, and Russian armies.
- German troops continued to pour into Poland.
- France and Britain declared war on Germany and launched no major military land operations.
- No activity in the Western front between September 1939 and May 1940.
- The Germans consolidated their gains in Poland and the Soviets invaded their stare of the country.
- After the allied armies stirred themselves and pushed forward into Belgium to meet enemies who had fallen into their trap.
- The trap was known as "The Sitting War" and the "Phony War."
Italy invading Ethiopia
-The Italian invasion of Ethiopia was initiated in the month of October 1935.
- It was the first time that mustard gas and phosgene was used as illegal.
-Mussolini was the leader of Italy.
- The Ambassador reported that factories for the manufacture of trucks, tanks, and artillery and around Milan were working day and night.
- The U.N. was trying to stop the outbreak of war, but Italy refused to not carry out their plan.
- The league suggested a plan to give part of Abyssinia to Italy.
- Mussolini ignored the League, and invaded Abyssina.
- The league banned weapon sales, and put sanctions on rubber and metal.
- Revenge for an early defeat in 1896.
-Ethiopia was weak, so they could get away with it.
- The aim of invading Ethiopia was to boost Italian nation prestige.
TESTT!!
Winston Churchill-
Prime minister of Great Britain
He was famous for the saying "We will never ever surrender."
Allie
He lost power by not being re-elected.
TEST REAL QUESTIONS
WWII Leaders- Identify, Side (Alli, or Axis), Country they are from, how they lost power.
WWII Leaders biggest accomplishments.
7 Leaders, 3 allied, 4 axis. STUDY NOTES
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