Today, we took more notes on WWII.... Treaty of Versailles-know what it was and what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWIIII. League of Nations-define and explain it's weaknesses-Why didn't the US join?III. How the world try to keep peace in the 1920's-Washington Naval Conference(4,5, 9 Power Treaties), League of Nations, Kellog- Briand Pact).IV. Know the basics about the following countries:-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.-How was this country involved in WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)-Know the type of gov't the major countries had(especially the Weimer Republic)-Know the leaders of the major countries and what alliance they belong to.GermanyItalySoviet UnionJapanGreat BritainFranceChinaUSCanadaAustraliaV. Hitler's goals and his treatment of the JewsVI . Munich Conference-Policy of AppeasementVII. US Role in the 1920's/1930's-Washington Naval Conference-Kellog-Briand Pact-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's-Quarantine Speech-Bases for Destroyers-Lend-Lease ActVIII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression PactIX. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!-Japan and China-Germany and Poland-Germany and France-Germany and Great Britain-Germany and the Soviet UnionX. Pearl HarborHitler-Axis powerWincent Churchill (Great Britain)-Allie powerBonito..(Italy)-Axis powerFDR-Allie powerHiro Hito and Hadeke Tojo (Japan)-Axis powerJoseph Stallen (Soviet Union)-Allie power--basically the only reason that we liked the Soviet Union was because they didn't like Germany either*WWII had started from the Treaty of Versailles: (was the cause of everything to come leading up to WWII) it was the official treaty that ended WWI...Woodrow Wilson was the U.S. president at the time..Germany and the Soviet Union wanted to get land back when it was divided up helping the cause of WWII...Hitler thought that anyone who spoke the German language should live in Germany...Treaty of Versailes: Germany lost--Alsace-Lorraine (given to France); Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium); Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark); Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia); West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia (given to Poland); The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in German or not in a future referendum...*Military Consequences: Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks-Germany was not allowed and airforce-Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines-The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years....Financial Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles-Germany had to pay $33 billion--Allies wanted to bankrupt them-Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate-The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal grom the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss---depression--(territorial loss)General:-Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231-the infamous "War Guilt Clause"-Germany, as it was responsible for strating the war as stated in clause 231, was therefor responsible for all the war damage caused by WWI. Therefore, they had to pay reparations, the bulk of which would go to France and Belgium to opay for the damage done to both countries by the war. The figure was eventually put at $33 billion.-A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.League of Nations:-a world wide peace keeping organization--goal was to keep world peace-weaknesses: The United States never joined it--Woodrow Wilson wanted to get in the League of Nations but Congress thought we would end up being in war with other countries like Europe--Congress refused to ratify that; required a unanimous vote to get things passed-The League of Nations had no military force to help struggling forces in a war --they really couldn't do anything--they could condemn the actions and they would do economic sanctions (don't trade with other countries)--Italy, Germany, and France were part of the League of Nations---this made the League of Nations became very weak and was a failure.Blog Discussions: GERMANY-Type of Government: Germany had a parliamentary republic government during the interwar years--Germany had Wimer Republic government which was a democracy in Germany; --they were struggling..President (Chancler) Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the leader of Germany--Hitler gets rid of the democracy immediately to make himself "dafewer" (leader)..-How did Hitler change the country when they went into WWII: Germany was facing depression and Hitler promised the country that he would give people jobs..-Goals: Germany took over Austria and Czecholslavakia before the war started since they had German people in them (undo the Treaty of Versailes; Lebensraum (Living Space) for the Russion people; wanted to create an Arian raceBlitzquerade-rapid attack used on Japan-After WWII, Germany was split into two countries-Military Strategies during the interwar years:-ITALY:-Goals: Fashism (government that has all power)--expansion:::: make Italy strongMilitary-was very important..built up the army to make it strong so that they could dominate land and sea-Role in WWII: Hitler helped Muscillini --both tried to help Spain...there was a lot of fighting in Italy (very bloody and long)-How WWII impacted Italy: they hung and killed Muscillini to set up a democratic governmentSOVIET UNION:-Treaty of Versailes impact on Russia: didn't impact them too much; after WWII they annexed the Ukraine and another country...the Soviet Union ended up losing land when they signed the Breslafof Treaty giving up land to Russia...-Government--prior to having communism they had czars like the Romanaughs..-Joseph Stalin became leader and later became a dictator--was trying to tell farmers how to farm, etc.--Vladimir Lenin planned to have a utopian society (previous leader)-Stalin started the processes, "Nationalization-idustry" and "Collectivization-when the Soviet Union took over farms"...during the process of taking over businesses, more people died...-Bad/Good things that Stalin did: ***he was building tanks and guns for the Cold War so millions of people died because of so much labor... he killed political opponents that he didn't trust and farmers that fought back; invaded Poland which helped in starting WWII; he started the 5 year planMilitary Strategy of Stalin: 'red' army; at first they were offensive and then fought other countries--Stalin was not ready for the "Red" army; as the Soviets fell back, they burned everything (bridges, railroad tracks, fields,) so that Germany was unable to use those things.-Role in WWII: At first the Soviet Union was allies with Germany...Then, they invaded Poland and the 'red' army invaded it too...that made Germany want to invade the Soviet Union. We were allies so we could take over Hitler-Impact of WWII: there were high casualties (highest in the war)..their country was absolutely demolished after the war..JAPANTreaty of Versailles impact:Type of government between 20's and 30's-constitutional empire (emperor was Hiro Hito--approved that Attacking of Pearl Harbor; wanted natural resources; supported the invasion of Northern China to get the natural resources) After they invade Mankuria, they invaded all of China in 1937 to get resources and to dominate Asia.How Tojo came to power-How the government changed:Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor: Japan wanted us to trade [oil] with them.-In the 1920s, Japan did everything to make themselves Allies--joined League of Nations, signed Kellogg-Brand act; but then changed to Axis powers.Impact--devasted with the atomic bombs killing all of those people, cities, buildings...--was being bombed every day by conventional bombs so Japan was basically already demolished.GREAT BRITAIN-treaty of versailles impact-split up land in Germany; Great Britain got a few colonies in Africa and they got a billions of dollars from Germany to pay war appurations-type of government-was a constitutional monarch (king/queen)..utlimately had a democracy--Nevel Chaberlain (not well loved in British history, gave into Hitler to do whatever for the war:: Chamberlain is replaced with Winston Churchill thought they shouldn't have done that-was elected prime minister right before WWII--goals:*to beat Germany*keep the land in Britain safe and keep his citizens from harm*"we shall never surrender"--Germany was bombing Great Britain every night.*keep people focused and keep Great Britain together--was a major alliance of ours (allie power)--because of WWII, Great Britain's empire fell apart, many of the countries became independent....FRANCE-treaty of versailles impact--they got land back from Germany; France was glad that Germany wasn't allowed an airforce or submarines so that they couldn't attack them...They got colonies; they thought the treaty should've been a little harder on Germany; France gave Germany the money to pay war appuartion-government--democracy-leader throughout WWII-Charles De Gaulle(head of the Free French Underground) and Paul Renod(appointed Gual as minister of war-when Hitler allowed southern part of France to be self-governed. it was led by Marshal Henri Petain with a Viche government (german nazis controlled the northern part of France)-goals of leaders*promote industrial growth--introduce french currency to control inflation*didn't want Germany to get their power back again--keep them weak-role of France-were at war with Germany, they lost it; two governments, Viche government (pro nazi) (axis power); --were taken over (part of the Allie power)-France took a defensive military strategy-never fully recovered after WWII--most war in France took place after D-day; never a super world power again; tried to maintain their superpower but didn't happen-two governments: Viche government and the French UndergroundCHINACANADA*how the treaty of Versailles impacted Canada--they got a very small portion of money (they were a British colony, as was Austrailia), they move towards independence from being a british colony*type of government-were trying to split from Britain to be their own country...as time went on the government got stronger (monarchy government)*Leader during WWII-William McKenzie King --came to power by being elected (by democracy)*how king helped the country by being in power-he was serving as the prime minister of Canada; gave Canada its own voice by letting them make their own decisions (moved towards having independence from Great Britain); tried to lower tarriffs, helped the people during the great depression*Helped Britain by: helped defeat the germans in the battle of britain; canadian navy helped escort ships across the atlantic ocean; troops were a big part of D-day and with France (navy, airforce)..helped fight the germans and the italians, made a lot of food for troops...Alliance: allie powershow WWII impacted Canada: after the war, Canada became more modernized; the war helped Canada lean towards independence.AUSTRAILIA:*how the treaty of Versailles impacted Canada--didn't sign it*WWII impact-bigger military; moved towards independence; took a toll on them because of two previous wars*type of government: had a shakey government; had various prime ministers*Good/bad things in Austrailia--were against Germany and Italy; then, they went against Japan*Goals of Austrailia during/prior to WWII:-wanted to take defensive measures with the military*role in WWII:-helped the U.S. (because of their location--they had land right where we were fighting so it was used as a sort of base.-tried to move towards independenceAlliance: allied powerUNITED STATES:*how the T.V impacted them- the U.S. senate rejected the treaty because the league of nations thought it would pull us into war*type of government-in 1930's it was democratic (FDR) (20's was republican)---democracy FDR was elected as president (elected 4 times)*what FDR did to change the country (bad/worse)--the New Deal programs (strengthen banks, stock market, farmers, etc.)*goals of FDR:-to get america out of the depression (the three r's)-demolish germany-defeat japan*role in WWII: we reacted to japan when the bombed the u.s.--part of the allie powers (supplied man power and weapons, goods, foods) --major power during the war; d-day*How WWII impacted us: ended the great depression, stronger military, baby boom, population took off, new echnology was being made, lost about 300,000, spent $200 billion dollarsGermany had to be reduced to 100,000 men in the army so they felt like they couldn't really protect themselves--they set up a reserve system for men to be ready if they had to go to war.German reaction to T.V.-they hated it..the Weimar Republic were the ones that accepted the treaty of versailles causing all of the problems in Germany (unemployment, Germany was the "laughing stock" of the world).Weimar Republic: Germany's government after WWII (democracy)--Hitler was "appointed"--failed because Hitler was going on about how terrible it was (the tough economic times for Germany); Germany had never had a democracy before..in tough times Germans, people put their hopes in Hitler..League of Nations: world peace keeping organization..failed because the U.S. never joined and it couldn't enforce anything..didn't have a military force--they didn't want to go to war so they a lot of times would give into Hitler to keep him "quiet"...all that was doing was prolonging a war break out..Benito Mussolini (Italy)--grew up as an atheist; was very poor when young, hated rich people; hated the Catholic church; fascism-strong dictator government; strong nationalism; extremely proud of your country; having a very stong miltary; imperialism (take over North Africa and Mediterranean)--Nazism is a sort of fascismAdolf Hitler-was beaten as a child-struggled in school--got into trouble a lot; bully-born in 1889-didn't make it into the Vienna Art school-in WWII, he felt like he belonged...-by 1923, hitler decideds to overthrow the Weimer Republic but it fails. (treason--only has to serve nine months in prison)-While in prison, he writes a book "Mein Kampf" ("My Struggle")GOALS in Mein Kampf: discriminate against the Jews; undo the Treaty of Versailles (rebuild the German military, make the country strong, get land back); Lebensraum "Living Space" in Russia--believed that it was good agricluture land.Propaganda-persuasive advertisement--get people to believe and do certain things.-Hitler didn't have to deal with social networks..Hitler used propaganda to brainwash people.--didn't like very well-educated people-Joseph Gubbels was Hitler's right hand man and was head of the German propaganda...The Holocaust-the genocide (killing/raping off of a race--has to be systematic, a way of carrying it out, a reason for doing so) of approximately six million European Jews during WWII-a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by nazi germany throughout nazi-occupied territory-approximately two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust died-some maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' genocide of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory.-by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million pepole.Hitler didn't like:-Jews (6 million dead)-Dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization)-Gypsies (steal) (500,000 to 1.5 million)-Catholics-mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)-Slavic people (people from eastern europe--Yugoslavia, Czeckoslavakia)-----Soviet Slavs/POW's/Troops-(16.5 million): The Russian Academy of Science in 1995 reported civilian victims in the USSR, including Jews, at German hands totaled 13.7 million dead including 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide, 2.2 million deaths of persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million faminie and disease deaths in occupied territory. German captors killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet POWs through starvation, exposure, and execution.-Poles (2.5 million dead) (people living in Poland)-Homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead)-Communists/socialists (first people sent to camps) (many but number not confirmed)-mixed races-"the mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore," Adolf Hitler.-Jehovah's Witnesses (catholics) (2500-5000)Arayan Race (blonde hair, blue eyed, tall, and muscular race--WASP (White anglo sacsin Protestant)--anti immigrant, anti catholic...Lebensborn-Fount of lIfe--breeding houses-the program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit".-Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories-Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape.-Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans.Hitler's Jewish Question: What am I going to do with the Jews?-Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933-Never restored-The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 communists-Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. All but few Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.Nuremburg Laws 1935 (Nuremburg is a city in Europe)--basically defined a Jew-Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights.-Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be a mixed race.--eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany-Jews could only marry Jews so as to not dillute the aryean blood.-No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews1936:-Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses1938: Kristallnacht "Night of the Broken Glass"--Nazi youth roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewsih busnesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting.--in all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. 26000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. --Jews were physically attacked and beaten--91 died in the attack-All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria-Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses1939:-Hiltler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria-Jews are required to war armbands or yellow stars1940:-Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland-Jews are forced into ghettos(poor parts of town--jam packed into a small room)-Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland1941:-Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into Ghettos-In 2 days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar-the largest single massacre of the Holocaust-The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews.1942:-Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"-their plan to kill all European Jews-Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Doibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau-Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps.-The US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe1943:-Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising.1944:-Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered1945:-the war ends-Hitler is defeated and World War II endis in Europe-The Holocaust is over and the death camps were emptied-Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them.1947:-Israel is created-People went to camps in Israel after WWII-The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.*Josef Mengele was the chief physician in Auschwitz--did disgusting experiments on twins (during the Holocaust)losif Jughashvili/Joseph Stalin-went to school to become a priest-5-year plan: increase industrialization of Soviet Union (Collecitivization-government took over farms)-killed anyone that he didn't trust (wasn't a genocide because it wasn't particular a race)Kellogg-Briand Pact-Afghanistan, Finland, Peru, Albania.............over 60 countries tried to outlaw war to avoid disputes (war)-Japan was one who signed this act--helped Hitler come to power and helped Japanese warlords (military) to take over.Japanese Invasion of Manchuria-Japan had been in isolationism, it had futilism, very agricultural based (backwards)---Manchuria was the answer to all of Japan's problems--for resources, and to be able to attack China six years later...Franklin Roosevelt vs. Herbert Hoover-Good Neighbor Policy: Latin America saw us as a bully, trying to control them, tell them what to do economically or militarily...in the 30's FDR wanted us to become better neighbors--trade with (Mexico) and become better friends so that if there was ever a war, we could be allies.Ethiopia Invaded by Mussolini 1936
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