Today we gave some more of our presentations on the New Deal project.
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
Relief, Reform, and Recovery.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed- CCC, and FSLA, PWA, WPA, CWA
farmers
factory workers/labor- FSLA
young people
banks/business- FDIC
home owners
elderly
Native Americans
Consumers-
Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms:
Hundred Days- CCC, 100 days
fireside chats
priming the pump
deficit spending
FERA- Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Directed by Harry Hopkins from Iowa. Began in May ’33. Gave states 3.1 billion dollars to operate local work projects. Provided work for 20 million people.
SSA- Social Security Administration. Two men Steagall and Glass had two acts named after them. Effort to stop deflation.
PWA- Public Works Administration- Passed in June 16, 1933. Built Oregon state capital, bridge in New York and provided many jobs for the unemployed. Not successful because the supplies was too expensive. Abolished in ’41.
Dawes Act- Let Indians manage their own land and self govern themselves. Provided peace.
FDIC- Banking Act of ’33 established the FDIC. Helped reform banks. Separated investment and commercial banking. Made it safer for people to invest in banks. People lost everything. Established on Jan. 1 1934. Kept America’s confidence in our financial system. Average of 600 banks failed. Some thought it was a good thing they had failed. When people heard this people ran to take their money out. Still around today so yes it was successful. If it fails it will pay you 250,000 dollars. Ensured America’s confidence in the banks. Insures people’s money in the bank.
100 days- FDR first days in presidency were the best days at the time. Made several accomplishments and still is around today.
CWA- Civil Works Administration- Created in fall of ’33 and band in the following spring. Organization that lasted about 6 months created jobs for the unemployed. Construction jobs consisted of building bridges, dams, etc. They were way over budget and that is why it was banned. It was unsuccessful because it was too costly.
FDR- Franklin D. Roosevelt. Born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park. Died April 12,1945. Went to Harvard. 32nd president. Was a democrat and beat Herbert Hoover.
WPA- Workers Progress Administration. Helped to feed children, and evenly distribute food to people. Helped fund people’s job (artists and writers) provided them with supplies. Provided at least 1 million students with jobs. Construction jobs were provided as well
RRR- Relief, recovery, reform (the three R’s).
Relief: money given to build roads and buildings. Gave out loans to build bridges and dams. Relief for the people.
Reform: helped repair and rebuild older homes. Gave government to investigate the crash. Kept 500,000 kids in colleges. 600,000 helped kids stay in high school and provided them with jobs. Reform the economic stock market, banking system. Let government look into banks. Social security helped those we were elderly, dependent on others, unemployed and handicap.
Recovery: Long term economic recovery.
Security Exchange Commission- SEC. Created in 1934. appointed 5 commissioners, appointed for 5 year terms. Issued new rules. It was successful. Commissioners could either approve or deny the new rule. It is still around today. Regulated the stock market.
Priming the Pump -is government action taken to stimulate the economy in a recession and started in 1932. It stimulated the economy and helped businesses. It also gave money to banks. It is still around today.
Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act- Passed in 1938. Items had to be labeled properly. Was given out by the FDA. Gives the FDA ability to recall items.
Court Packing Plan- New Deal had most of the Supreme Court against it. Gave FDR ability to appoint 6 more justices. Did this to get Pro-Deal justices. New justice for every guy over 70. 9 people to 15. It did not pass that is why it is called a bill. Felt FDR was getting to powerful. Judicial Reorganization Bill was its original name.
Federal Securities Act- Passed in 1933. Required that investors got full information on stocks. Stopped fraud on sales of the public. Still around today. Made it safer for consumers to buy stocks.
Fireside chats- FDR would go on the radio and make messages to inform people that everything was going be all right and stay positive. First president to speak to the people over the radio. Made people feel like he was speaking directly to them.
Emergency Banking Relief Act- Signed by FDR. Closed down all the insolvent banks. Helped get the bigger banks back on track from the recession. Allowed the president to take control of the banks. Authorized the secretary of treasury to send money to banks. Allowed national banks to had out bonds after a 90 day period. The holiday allowed banks to accept unlimited amount of currency.
Difference between Deal 1 and Deal 2- 1st was established in 1933 was an attempt to save the capitalistic system. Involved the CCC, FERA, CWA, AAA, and PWA. 2nd was in 1935 dealt with the class conflict with society. Put in process because the 1st didn’t totally eliminate the depression.
NYA- National Youth Administration. Established in june 1935. Eleanor Roosevelt came up with the idea. Involved women unlike the CCC. Aimed to young people to help them get jobs while in school. Was for both males and females.
NRA/NIRA- One of the first pieces of the New Deal. Passed in 1933. Was unsuccessful. Helped created more hours and set a minimum wage. Helped the employment rate go up. Blue eagle was used by businesses to show that the company is paying the workers well and giving them the hours required. Was only voluntary.
Deficit Spending- Helped the recession.
TVA- Tennessee Valley Authority. A federal agency that was established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants along the Tennessee River. Helped the people and farmers. The area was having problems with flooding that is why the built dams. It also provided power, conserved natural resources, and helped farmers. It was successful and is still around today. River drops at 130 ft. and is 30 miles long.
Townsend- The pension plan could be financed by a federal tax on all sales. Had over 5 million members. Would provide pension of 200 dollars per month to every citizen age 60 or older. Felt FDR was going far enough.
FDR’s Court-Packing Plan- 1937. FDR’s plan stack the Supreme Court for his favor so that he could pass his New Deal plan. Allowed the president to appoint new judges. No more than 6-2 judges. Bill was not passed so he didn’t not appoint new judges. The next four years FDR appointed 7 new judges. It is sort of still around today.
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