World War 1
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
- Mutual Defense Alliances (Central Powers and Allied Forces)
- Imperialism
-extending a country's power outside of the borders, taking over countries!
- Militarism
-principle or policy of maintaining a large military establishment
-Britain and Germany were trying to proove themselves; who's better?
- Nationalism
-strong supportere of rights and interests of one's country
-Slavic people in Bosnia wanted to be a part of Serbia instead of Austria-Hungary
- Assassination of Archduke Francz Ferdinand
-spark of war
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Before:
- Russia
- Serbia
- Germany and Australia-Hungary
- Britain and France and Belgium
- Japan and Britain
During:
Central Powers:
- Austria - Hungarian Empire
- German Empire
- Ottoman Empire
- Kingdom of Bulgaria
Allied Powers:
- Great Britain
- France
- United States
- Italy
- Russia
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3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Austria-Hungary
- control Serbia -assasination of Fraz Ferdinand
- gain control of Ottoman Empire (A-H and Russia had a desire for Empire)
- defend the border between Italy and A-H
- -Italy wanted A-H's territory
Great Britian
- maintain themsevles as a super power
- worried about German threat
- leading in economics and politics
- protect France being they were threatened by Germany & France
Germany
- Secure/maintain German unification
- Isolate France
- Aquire Colonies (control them, equal power to Europe)
Russia
- got out of war (lost to Germany)
- because they got out of war - led to them being Communists (Bulshivik Revolution)
France
- Avenge preivous military defeats - recapture
- Cripple German Idustrial Capacity - couldnt keep up
- diminish German industrial power -- lead
- Bceome the Dominant Continental Power; improve position in world; deafeat rivals
United States
- Safer for democracy
- Everyone should have freedom
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
- Battle of Verdum
- Battle of Marne
- Battle of Ypres
- Battle of Passchendaele
- Battle of the Lys
- The Advance of Flounders
- Battle of Somme
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
- Battle of Jutland (largest naval battle)
- Battle of Heligoland
- Battle of Corone
- Battle of Dogger Bank
- Battle of Falkland Island
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
- We declared neutrality - not taking sides!
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
- American business-pushed US into war
- German declaration of unlimited submarine warfare
- U.S. very upset with both sides in war (Great Britain and Germany were both sinking American ships)
- Kept getting closer to war and Allies
- Trade with England increased while Germany declined
- The Zimmermann Note
-coded telegram sent by Foreign secretary of German Empire; Aurthur Zimmerman in 1917
-Sent to German ambassador in US
-note was intercepted and decoded by British
-contents were given to American press
- Lusitania Sinking
- Bullets of War Hawks
(-German wanted to get Mexico to declare war on US
-Germany promised Mexico they would get Mexican Cession back if they won
-Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe)
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
MINE
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
- needed to attack France quickly; didn't want them to have support
- Plans on taking over Germany with Plans G & 19.
Allies:
- France plan of attack for WW1: Plan 17
- Americans had to get millions of more men to be able to fight in the war!
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
- Bayonet - simple blade attached to rifle
- Flamethrower - fire spreading mechanism
- Poison Gas - caused coughing attacks
- Submarines/U-Boats - target merchant ships to stop allies from distributing supplies; sneak attacks
- Tanks - armored cars that have firing mechanisms attached to them
- machine guns - fired at faster rates and longer time
- zeppelins - blimp / airplane likes - used for spying
11. Describe trench warfare.
- Def: Battling between two opposing armies that are both entrenched.
- One third deaths came from this
- Died from surprise attacks
- Some died from sniper fire
- Died from disease: spread easily being all in the trench
- Rats were horrible
- Lice was a big problem
- Woke up in mornings to write letters; one would keep watch
- Smelled horrible
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
- US increased taxes
- Liberty bonds increased
- Women & children had gardens so that they could send to troops
- Saved food with the Lever Act
- Women started working in factories
- Women started wanting more rights / credit for taking over men's jobs
- African Americans also worked in factories
- African Americans also nursed the injured
- African Americans went to the north
- Women made ammunition in factories
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