Blog Discussions today:
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
M- militarism, I- imperialism, N- nationalism, E- economic competition, S- system of alliances
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
central powers- germany, austria-hungary, bulgaria, turkey
allied powers- great britain, russia, france, serbia, italy.
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved? everyone wanted territories.
france- always fighting. losing men, couldnt keep up with the fighting. lost a ruler to germany and germany took some of their land. got it back after world war one. wanted to get land from germany and turkey and cripple germany's miliary.
germany- wanted to solve border disputes, especially with france. wanted a monarchy to keep place. wanted to take land from france- bitter enemies. wanted a lot of land and wanted to take over french and british colonies.
great britain- germany was trying to take land and GB was tired of it so they wanted to win the war to get the land. wanted to build a railway. wanted oil. to get control of the middle east.
united states- didnt want to get involved at first, declared neutral. wanted to end the war- Wilson's 14 points.
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
submarines were used but were not very powerful because they had to warm ships before they sank them and the element of surpries was ruined. wanted to sink things that were being carried by the ships, not the people.
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
declared neutrality at first, didn't want to help anyone, didnt want to take sides or favor certain countries. almost impossible to do. germans sunk a ship that had americans on board. german u-boats. telegram message that was intended to go to mexico went to the US, said that if the US kept their neutrality then mexico should attack the homefront- did this so that it would keep us at home instead of across the atlantic ocean. germany was sinking ships-pushed us toward GB's side.
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
germany sinking ships, zimmerman note, american banks and business, war hawks.
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
battle of bella wood- june 6,1918 near the marne river. americans vs germans
100 day offensive- americans, french and british, bombarded the german mines. led to the second battle of the marne river. march 21, 1918- began. ended in july.
battle of cantini- 1918, fought the germans and captured their place. 100 dead 1500 wounded out of US troops.
lost batallian- fought in northern france, lost 197 men, 150 were missing or catured. didnt win. captured some of our men back, wanted to go around the germans. 7 days
nagalos- on the border of US and mexico, started at 4:10 that day, between mexico and the US. more of an incident- not really a battle.
2nd battle of asine- fought on western front, germans fought back and we took them down very fast.
3rd battle of the aisne- see assigned blog
2nd battle of the psalm- between germany and the british- western front. 1918.
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
germans- schlieffen plan, 90% of the german army need to attack france and the other 10% needed to stay back and keep them out of germany. was a failure because the germans took too long in belgum and by that time the british were there to help out france. plan 17- french invading arden.
plan 19- developed by a russia used by the french, counter to the schlieffen plan. used to hold back germans.
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
hand guns- colts, close quarters combat. rifles, machine guns- defensive weapons used in trenches. shot guns, grenades, bayonettes, flame throwers.
11. Describe trench warfare.
the warfare fought inside trenches. trenches were dug out ditches that were used to hide themselves during war. defensive warfare. led to many many casualties. 100-200 yards apart. went on for hundreds of miles.
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
homefront- what people did back home to help win the war. women helped take care of the husbands jobs at home. they purchased weapons for the war- war industry board. food administration- herbert hoover led it, urged people to conserve people, all about saving food for our troops, certain days you couldnt eat meat or wheat, people grew their own food. national war labor board- stopped employees from fighting. war bonds- how we paid for the war, aka liberty loans- people loaning money to help in the war.
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
went to the Paris peace conference in 1918- Treaty of Versailles came out of this. wilson took his 14 points over there, what he wanted the treaty to be. aimed at changing all countries.
1. No secret treaties or alliances
2. freedom of the seas
3. removal of economic barriers- open door policy throughout the world.
4. take away other countries weapons
5. no more imperialism.
6. make the german army leave russia.
7.belgum should be able to come independant.
8. french territories are freed and restored.
9. change the frontier of italy so it's recognized for all nationalities
10. austria-hungary will be protected and various national groups will be set free.
11. restore the balkan penninsula and give them access to the ocean for serbia.
12. turkish minorities will be able to travel on ships freely
13. poland had its independence and access to the ocean.
14. a league of nations that protect political independance and keeps peace.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
signed between the Big 4, US, GB, France, Italy. also called the treaty of peace. points: germany lost land and colonies around the world. germany's military was dismanteled, greatly reduced. france wanted to make sure they would never have to worry about germany again. financial- germany had to pay a lot of money to france and GB (called war reperations) germany lost resources when they lost land. major depression set in in Germany. war guilt clause- germany had to take full responsibility for world war I. League of nations was set up where countries would join together and work out their problems.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
we had tons of supplies. weaponry- we had more. the german economy went down hill at the end of the war. U.S. was on the Allied side, more powerful. germany had to fight a two sided war until russia dropped out. america was only in it for 8 months, more able to do thing, better moral.
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
cost millions of dollars and millions of live. 16.5 million people dead. US lost 55000. trench warfare led to high casulaties. changed the map of europe- new countries. ticked off the nazi's which allowed them to eventually come to power and cause WWII. japan becomes a world power. recessions in countries hit, especially in germany. 20s were a great boom time for the US.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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