*Causes of World War I
-Militarism means the army and military are given a high profile by the government. Build up military. Ultimately started over disputes about land.
-Nationalism has 2 types. The first is the desire of common people's independence.
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-Nationalism- extreme pride in your country, patriotism. 1st type- desire of common people's independence. 2nd type- desire of independent nations wanting prestige and power.
-Austria-Hugary: multi-national dual monarchy, 11 major ethnic groups, many different languages, religions, customs, government hated nationalism, hated Serbia, "The Black Hand"- secret organization in Serbia whose goal it was to unite all Serbs by any means necessary.
-Alliances:
Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia (until 1917, because of Bolshevik Revolution), Italy, United States(starting in 1917), Serbia
Central Powers- Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
-M.I.N.E.S. : M-militarism, I-imperialism, N-nationalism, E-economic competition, S-system of alliances
*The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Born in Austria. Brother was Prince, when he died, Ferdinand inherited throne. His wife wasn't of royal blood, was frowned upon.
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Wilson declared U.S. declared us to be neutral in 1914. "Impartial in thought as well as in thought." Successful for 3 years. U.S. became involved because we were extremely upset with both sides. Britain and Germany were stopping U.S. ships. We started favoring Allies. German was sinking ships and killing citizens.
...Some people talked about US Neutrality during the war. We were neutral, so we traded with all the countries that were in the war. Germany complained that we were trading more with England than with them, so they used the submarine tactics and sunk some of our ships. There were 3 international laws:
1. Neutral nations could trade with warring nations
2. Warring Nations could stop and cease goods on neutral ships
3. Warring Nations had to give warnings before sinking ships
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today we talked about trenches..you'd get shell shock which is kinda like you go a little crazy and you cant sleep and stuff. also you can get trench foot. your feet are always wet so they start like rotting NASTYYYY!!! so thats pretty gross. there is 3 types of trenches. front line, support and reserve. trenches are just like deep holes that they hid in to shoot ppl in no mans land..they just trailed for hundred of miles.. they slept ate and were helped when injured there. .. you were givencertain supplies if you were a trench guy..gas mask cuz they used mustard gas and chlorine to poison people. water, flare gun, trench club, bayonette(knife), rifle gernade, and time based hand gernade. flame throwers were used. machine guns(not mobile) pistols used(luger and colt) more on gas-with the wind not against or it'd come back and getcha. weapons of war. floating mines,zeppelins,tanks, u-boats, baron manifred richton was from russia called red baron shot down french and spanish planes. tested gas masks on puppies......LOTS of destruction.
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Zimmermann note: coded telegram sent by foreign secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann on January 16, 1917. Sent to German ambassador in the U.S. Bernstorff. British intercepted and decoded by British. Contents delivered to American Press on March 1, caused public outrage, and we declared war on Germany. Message contained information that said Germany would sink any ship. (unrestricted warfare) Wanted to make an alliance with Mexico, and they thought that this unrestricted submarine warfare would make England surrender. War Hawks- people that preached that we should go to war to protect our allies and interests. TR leading war hawk. Our trade with England increased, we became economically tied into the war.
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Other causes for U.S. involvement: Propaganda- tried to sway public opinion to want to go to war. Preparedness Program- 1915 started arming and preparing for war. American Business- munitions business pushed U.S. into war to make money. German declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare.
Lusitania- ship that Germany sank, killed dozens of Americans in 1915. By 1916, we're on the brink of war. Sussex pledge said Germany would end sinking of passenger ships, and would search merchant ships for contraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking.
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American soldiers called doughboys. Homefront just as important as troops, because they supply them with everything they need. Food, clothes, medical supplies, guns, etc. War industries board- regulated U.S. industry. We had food and Germans were starving thanks to the Food Administration."Food will win the war." they wanted people to conserve food so we could send it to troops. victory gardens were planted. Committee on Public Information goal to influence U.S. public opinion to support WW1 in their own way .Huge propaganda, newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph, movies to broadcast message.. WWI payed for WWI with taxes(income taxes, started a couple years previous) and liberty loans(the ppl loaning money to the gov't) they'd send you a letter saying add up how much you own and subtract debt. then, figure 2% of that and use it as a liberty loans.
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Germany portrayed in propaganda as raping and killing women and children. U.S. payed for war with taxes and war bonds. National War Labor Bond: settled disputes between workers and employers, discouraged strikes, led by W.H. Taft. Casualties- 16.5 million dead. Armenian genocide in Turkey.
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National War Labor Bond- settled disputes between workers and employers, it discouraged strikes. Headed by Taft.
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