Mesopotamia
- Centered around the Great Rivers Tigris and Euphrates and the land is watered by those rivers.
- Mesopotamia means "Land Between the Rivers"
- Located where modern day Irak and part of Syria are.
- South of modern Bagdad
- the alluvial plains of the rivers were called the land of Sumer and Akkad in the third millennium
- Mesopotamia is made of many reagions
- The south region is flat and marshy
- The north region is made of hills and plains
- Water- from Euphrates and Tigris
- Warm Climate- Warm year round
- Fertile soil- Silt from rivers
- The rivers filled from snow melting on mountains along with rainfall
Egypt:
Nile- 4,610miles
Located trough Egypt, Sudan Uganda, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania
Importance of the River-
- Trading, and regular life
Trading
- Trade routes with Cyprus, Crete, Greese, Syro
People- Egyptians
- 3 classes of society
- Pharaoh and family
- Traders and merchants, and craftsmen
- Unskilled workers
Religion
- Based on nature
- Sun God
- God of the Nile
- Life after death- Mummies
Yellow River Civilazations
- Starts in the middle of China and goes to the east of China.
- about 3000 miles long
- Many people died due to floods and diseases from the river
- People had to rely on themselves for food and other nessecities
- Aristovratic warlords were military leaders that ruled over the separate territories
- Fathers were in charge of son's job and husband for daughters
- didn't have a written language for a very long period of time.
- Yin was the capital of the Shang Dynasty
- Shang is another city right next to the river
Emperoers and Kingdoms
- No government just Emperors and Kingdoms
- No Known kingdoms on the Indus Rivers
- Xia Dynasty(little is known about them) along the yellow river
- Shang Dynasty
- Western Zhou- went from father to son
- Eastern Zhou- Western Zhou relocated
- Mesopotamia- fertile land, 2 rivers
- Babylon Nation and Dynasty- was small and powerless til the first dynasty
- Babylonian Empire- Hammurabi died and the Empire went under
- Neo Babylonian Empire- Babylon was the capital and was taken over by the Roman Empire.
- Egyptian Kingdoms- Ruled by Pharoahs(gods on earth)
- The Old Kingdome- The Pyramid Age
- The Middle Kingdome- Golden Age
- The New Kingdome- Expansion Period (became a world power.
Indus River Valley
- 3300 bc to 1900 bc
- Southwest Asia
- bordered by himalayas and Arabian sea
- Indus river branched out into 7 great rivers 5 still exist
- Lots of forest, plain, mountains, jungles deserts, and the river delta
- river provided good soil for crops
- River helped with trade
- River provided most nessecities
- Religion- similiar to Hinduism
- worshiped animals
- Gods are unknown because their religions died with the civilazation
- wrote on pots and tablets
- Made terracotta figures and shell working
- 4 different classes
- Important cities Lathal, Harappa(religious capital), and Mohenjio-daro(largest city)
The Fall of the Mesoptamian Empires
- They were known as the Akkadian Empire
- They fell in 1950 BC
- They were attacked by Amorites
- It is unknown why they couldn't defend themselves well enough
The Babylonian Empire/Dynasty
- When their leader, Nebuchadnessar died, he had many cuccessors that didn't last
- Babylonia was conquered by Romans
Ancient Egypt Empire
- After Alexander the Great's death, one of his generals named Ptolemy Soter, made himself ruler
- They were invaded and conquered by the persians and then they became a Roman
Yellow River Valley
- Shang conquered Xia and unknown what happened to Shang
- Zhou fell into a war and destroyed themselves
Indus Valley
- Floods destroyed irrigation and building/people stopped caring for land
- The Aryans invaded and took over
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