Research about what people did with the Yellow River in China.
called the cradle of chinese civilization.
before the invention of dams the river was very prone to floods. Almost 1600 have been recorded. Some of these floods have been some of the most deadly natural disasters of China. People died from drowning and also later on from famine or disease
Areas around the Yellow River merged with Yangzte River where there are great food-producing areas. Which makes about 10% of the land in China fertile for farming. China's geography consists of mountain ranges and river valleys so it made it hard for people to sell or trade for crops and livestock. Thus making people self-sufficient by having to living off their own crops and livestock.
King Yu: rescued China from raging floods of the Yellow River. What is known is that the civilization primarily focused on day to day agriculture, rather than spontanous growth.The Silk Road was a major part of the this agricultural purpose in china that helped it grow. People would travel all over the silk road for trading purposes which brought cultural immersion, and agriculure was an immediate profit due to the fertile soil.
Mesopotamia (greek for the land between 2 rivers)
One of the 1st places government was created and the phythgorean theorem.
Importanance of Rivers
-Tigris:fast and violent and Euphrates:calm
-trade and commerce
-baskets and pottery
-cities on banks, irrigation, crops, minerals, grazing animals.
Challenges
-Flooding
-Cities along river would abandon
-change courses without notice
Culture
-they believed in many gods
-buried their people with items
Beliefs
-believed the world was a flat disc
-believed water covered the entire earth
-Monthly festivals
Geography
-located in the Fertile Crescent
-centered around the euphrates and tigris rivers
-bordering countries: Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria
Lack of Resources
-few trees
-very little rainfall
Cities and States
-1st cities began in 4000-3500 B.C. here
-Ashur is in modern day Iraq
-Nippur is in modern day southeastern Iraq
Nineveh is in modern day Iraq
Nile River
4,160 miles long
Geography
-located in Africa flows through Egypt and other countries
-Name cae from Greek word Nelios which means river valley
Importance of River
-It provided resouces for almost all aspects of life
-looked at as a highway of transportation
-trade was easy because of the trade routes set up along the Nile
People
-called Egyptians
-lived on both sides of rive and in the delta region
-3 classes of society
-people were dark-skinned
Religion
-based on nature
-sun god:Ra
-god of the Nile: Hapi
Beliefs
-they believed in life after death
-preserved people:mummies
3 civilizations
-Nubia, Kemet, and Kush
Emperors and Kingdoms
Indus River
-no known kingdoms or famous emperors
China
Xia Dynasty is the 1st knwon dynasty
-lots of artwork and is along the Yellow River
Shang Dynasty
-They created the most objects out of bronze
-They did a lot of human sacrafice
-If a king died more than a hundred slaves would join him
-Used brother to younger brother kingdom passing
Western Zhou
-Used father to son kingdom passing
Eastern Zhou
-Relocated after the collapse of Western Zhou and conitinued with most of the same traditions
Mesopotamia River Valley
-Between the Tiges and Euphrates Rivers
Babylon Nation and Dynasty
-In 1894 B.C. nation was founded
-Hammurabi was the the king that created this empire
-Didn't las long because the king died
Neo Babylonian Empire
-Was established in 612 BC
-Capital-Babylon
-Taken over in 539 BC by Roman Empire
-Babylon means the gate of Gods
Old Kingdom
-2700-2200 BC
-Pharaohs buried in tombs in pyramids
Middle Kingdom
-2100-1800 BC
-Egypt's Golden Age
-Trade arts and literature flourished at this time
New Kingdom
-1500-1000 BC
-Was Egypts expansion period
Indus River
Time
-3300-1900 BC
-Southwest Asia
Geography
-Present day Pakistan, India, Afghan, and China
-Natural borders of the Himalayas and Arabian Sea
-Back then river made the soil good for crops and the region was really diverse
Importance
-Used for transportation and trade
-Fertilized the land when it flooded
-Irrigation, fished, and drank from it
Religion
-Similar to Hinduism
-Seals of animals and swastikas
-Worshiped animal
-God names unknown
Culture
-Clothes made of cotton and wool
-Made terracotta figures out of gold and stone
-Skilled in pottery, weaving, and metalworking
-Weapons: axes, spears, daggers, no shields or amor
Names of People
-Harappan Civilization
-4 different classes
Cities
-Set up in perfect grid patterns and 1st urban sanitation system
The Decline of Early River Vally Civilizations
Fall of Mesopotamian Empires
-They were known as the Akkadian Empire
-Fell in 1950 BC
-Attacked by the Amorrites
-Unknown why they couldn't defend themselves well enough
The Babylonian Empire
-When their leader, Nebuchadnezzar died he had many successors that didn't last long and the empire collapsed to the Romans.
The End of the Ancient Egypt Empire
-Along Nile River
-Most powerful during Ramesside Period
-Invaded and conquered by foreign powers like Libyans
-Fell in 30 BC to Romans
Yellow RIver Civilizations
-Xia Dynasty: 1st ever recorded chinese civilization. Culture subsided to famine and overrun by Shang Dynasty
-The Shang dynasty's leader was killed by the Zhou clan
Indus Valley Civilization
-Floods destroyed irrigation system and buildings
-Constant flooding made people stop taking care of their civilization and crops
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