NILE: The Nile River Valley in Egypt is the site of the first great civilization
Agriculture was essential for survival, growth, and economic success.
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the Nile is called Ḥ'pī or Iteru, meaning "great river"
Most Egyptians lived near the Nile as it provided water, food, transportation and excellent soil for growing food
The River filled all areas of life with symbolism
Marriage was an important center of social life,
3500 B.C- 450 B.C
extremely fertile soil,
PRESENTATIONS DUE FRIDAY
Between 3000 and 2000 B.C.E. such river valley
civilizations formed independently of each other along the Indus, the Nile, the
Tigris and Euphrates, and the Yellow Rivers
Egyptians lived in farming villages as far back as 5000 B.C. Each villages had its own rituals, gods, and cheiftian
Egyptian farmers divided their year into three seasons, based on the cycles of the Nile River:
Akhet - the inundation (June-September): The Flooding Season.
Peret (October-February): The Growing Season.
Shemu (March-May): The Harvesting Season.
Today we are finishing up our searcher and put all of our research into the power-point.
Akhet - the inundation (June-September): The Flooding Season.
Peret (October-February): The Growing Season.
Shemu (March-May): The Harvesting Season.
The Nile gets its name from the Greek word "Nelios", meaning River Valley
Mesopotamian
- Powerful state in ancient world
- Most fertile and rich parts of ancient world
- Kings are called first dynasty of Babylon
- Babylon is the capital
- Jews were help there for 70 years
- Babylonia was an ancient empire that was in the Near East in southern Mesoptamia in between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers; it was long and narrow country about 40 miles wide an area of about 8,000 square miles
Fun Facts:
- Death Penalty: the death penalty was prescribed for theft, murder kidnapping, rape and marriage was only legal when recorded in writing
The First Dynasty
- 3100 BC - 2890 BC
- IT was during the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
- The first dynasty was founded in the Lower Kingdom of Egypt
- It was founded by the Egyptian Pharaoh Narmer
- Pharaoh Narmer is also known for reuniting the twp kingdoms
- The Narmer Palette was made and the shield was on of the first objects to have Egyptian hieroglyphic writing on it
- There is no definite ending so many historians combine dynasties 1 and 2
- Historians obtain this information from tombs
2nd Dynasty
- 2890 BC- 2686 BC
- It was during the Early dynastic Period of Egypt
- The capital at this time was Thins
- Hotepsekhemwy was the founder of the Second Dynasty of Egypt
- The last pharaoh of the Second Dynasty was Khasekhemy
- Their marriage strengthened the unity of the Upper and Lower Kingdom of Egypt
- Their son, Djoser was the first pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty and it strengthen the New Kingdom Period in Egypt
Indus- Arose 2500 BC
- There has been 1056 settlements found
- Two major cities
- They called them Harappan culture
- People who developed the civilizations are unknown
- Advanced in technology
- Created the first known sanitation system
- Strong and stable government
Yellow River Civilization
- Shang Dynasty
- Formed 1600- 1046 BC
- First family of Chinese rulers that left a written records
- Built palaces and tombs
- Ruled Yellow River Valley in 2nd millennium BC defeating the Xia
- Capital: Anyang
- Language: Old Chinese
- Lived off of agriculture. lots of farming and hunting
- The fought a lot of war with neighboring settlements and nomadic people who raised animals
Mesopotamia
-Commonly thought as the first civilization but is just the area where the first civilizations
-Cities by the River: Khorsabad, Nippur
URUK:
-In about the year 5000 B.C.E the city of Uruk was founded
-Uruk had 50,000- 80,000 people in its 6 km by km walls
-It was the largest city at that time
NIPPUR:
-It was considered a sacred group
-Nippur was formed around the year 500 B.C.E
-But hit its peak around 2500 B.C.E
NINEVEH
-One of the oldest cities
-Founded around the year 6000 B.C.E
-They became very religious worshiping the goddess Ishtar
HOW THE RIVER WORKED?
-Tigris and Euphrates
-They valley between the Tigris and the Euphrates River was known as the land "between the rivers" in Greek
-There was never a regular supple of eater in mesopotamia but the soil was in enriched
GEOGRAPHY
-Its in between the Tigris and Euphrates River
-It mainly desert in the north and mainly marshes. lagoons, and mudflats in the south
-The south gets a lot of rain. Mostly crops are grown down there and the rivers irrigate the crops in the dry season
-Many objects traded were animals, wine, donkeys, gemstones, camels, pottery, and horses
-Lots of trading was done with the Persians and ancient India, but they also traded with Afghanistan and Egypt
CULTURE
-They used cuneiform to write
-They used advanced mathematics invented the wheel
-Only the sons of prominent people could go to school
RELIGION
-They believed the world was a flat disk they was surrounded by vast hollow space and that this was enclosed in an over-arching heaven
-The sea was all around the earth, top bottom and sides
-They were a polytheistic society (More Gods)
SPORTS
-Hunting, wrestling, polo, Majore
GOVERNMENT
-Were a monarchy, first code of laws, they believed that their rulers were descendants of Gods, and broken up into a city-state system
INDUS: Father of Rivers, Orginating for the Tibetan Plateau, located in South Asia
GEOGRAPHY: The Indus Valley had deserts and mountains protecting them naturally
CULTURE: Religion uncertain, People were born into social classes, Women were valued, When Kids grew old they took on the parents jobs
-They made crafts, agriculture, toys
HARAPPA- One of first cities was located at Harappa
Three Classes
- Religious elite
- Trading class
- The poor workers
MOHENHO-DARO- Dived into two portions, Citadel was the lower city, public bath, and they had their own water wells
China the Yellow River
- Anyang was built mainly of wood. The city stood in a forest clearing.
- The rich people lived in timber framed houses with walls of clay and straw. The poor people lived in huts outside the city. The shang people needed walled cities because they were constantly waging war.
- Geography: Its called the yellow River because it deposits yellowish silt which is fertile soil called loess which is blown from the deserts to the west and north
- Its floods because it devours the whole village
- "China's Sorrow"
- Settlers couldn't trade with other countries so they had to figure it out on their own
- Only 10% of China's land was suitable for soil
- Most farming land is located between the Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang in eastern China
- Culture: Yellow River the mother river
- Gunpowder, the compass, paper making, printing, poetry, and Song Ci
- Yellow River civilization is the Yuan Dynasty in glittering gems
- Importance: Is important because it provides china's local population with drinking supply and without the yellow river grasslands will shrink so farmers will have to move their animals some place else
- Supplies water to 155 million people or 12% of Chinese population and irrigates 18 million acres
- 400 million people live in the Yellow River
FALL OF EMPIRES IN THE EARLY DAYS: There were many that rose up in the early civilization but many of them did not survive
Mesopotamian: The Assyrian Empire ended in 612 BC when the capital city of Nineveh was invaded by an allied force. King Shin-Shar- ishkun was killed and the Babylonians took over the area shortly afterward
Babylonian: Was the strongest empire after the fall of the Assyrian Empire. 539 BC Cyrus the Great ordered an invasion of the Babylonian land. Soon became known as the "Persian Babylonia"
Persian: The Persian Empire fell to Alexander the Great after a military campaign around 332 BC. It became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire.
Nubian and Egyptians: Nubia and Egypt were the two biggest river valley civilization by the Nile River
Around 2040-`640 BC, The Egyptian people started making trade routes through Nubia. The routes expanded and eventually Egypt took over Nubia
Indus: People believe there may have been a huge climate change. Others believed that the river had a current change and parts of Indu region were flooded while others had drought.
Yellow River/ Fall of Xia: Xia was blamed on its last king who fell in love with an evil woman and became a tyrant, The people rebelled against his leadership
Shang dynasty ended when King Zhou killed his own son and murdered his ministers. The Zhou army battled the Shang Zhou and the Shang Zhou lost. The Zhou dynasty began with the suicide of Shang Zhou.
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