-Mesopotamia is commonly thought of as the first civilization. The truth is that Mesopotamia is just the area where the first civilizations were there different civilizations most broken up into city, states.
Uruk
-in about the year 5000 BC the city was founded
-had 50,000-80,000 people in its 6 km by 6 km walls in 2900 bce
Nippur
-Considered one of the most sacred groups
-Nippur was formed around the year 5000 bce
-but hit its peak around 2500 bce
-it was a special place of the worship to the Sumerian god, Enlil, ruler of the cosmos
Nineveh
-One of the oldest cities
-founded around the year 6000 bce
-by 3000 bce they became very religious worshiping he goddess Ishtar
-There was an earthquake that destroyed the first temple of Ishtar
-Then it was later rebuilt in the year 2260 bce
Geography
-Its in between the Tigris and Euphrates river in Iraq
-The south gets a lot of rain. Mostly crops are grown there and the rivers irrigate the crops in the dry season
-The trade routes of how they would get there money and food are
Culture/Technology
-They used Cuneiform to write
-They used a base 60 numeral system this is where the 60 minute hour 24 hour day
and 360 degree circle. they used advanced mathematics invented the wheel only the sons of prominent people could go to school
Religion
-Believed that the world was a flat disk that was surrounded by a vast hollow space that this was enclosed in an over arching heaven
-The sea was all around the earth top bottom and sides
-The universe had been born of these waters
-They were a polytheistic society
-They were a patriarchal society
Sports
-Hunting, wrestling, polo with men sitting on the shoulders of other men instead of horses
, and majore a sport like rugby
Indus River civilization
Geography
-Father of Rivers
-Originating from the Tibetan Plateau
-Located in South Asia
-Tibet north of the Himalayas
-Mesopotamia is commonly thought of as the first civilization. The truth is that Mesopotamia is just the area where the first civilizations were there different civilizations most broken up into city, states.
Uruk
-in about the year 5000 BC the city was founded
-had 50,000-80,000 people in its 6 km by 6 km walls in 2900 bce
Nippur
-Considered one of the most sacred groups
-Nippur was formed around the year 5000 bce
-but hit its peak around 2500 bce
-it was a special place of the worship to the Sumerian god, Enlil, ruler of the cosmos
Nineveh
-One of the oldest cities
-founded around the year 6000 bce
-by 3000 bce they became very religious worshiping he goddess Ishtar
-There was an earthquake that destroyed the first temple of Ishtar
-Then it was later rebuilt in the year 2260 bce
Geography
-Its in between the Tigris and Euphrates river in Iraq
-The south gets a lot of rain. Mostly crops are grown there and the rivers irrigate the crops in the dry season
-The trade routes of how they would get there money and food are
Culture/Technology
-They used Cuneiform to write
-They used a base 60 numeral system this is where the 60 minute hour 24 hour day
and 360 degree circle. they used advanced mathematics invented the wheel only the sons of prominent people could go to school
Religion
-Believed that the world was a flat disk that was surrounded by a vast hollow space that this was enclosed in an over arching heaven
-The sea was all around the earth top bottom and sides
-The universe had been born of these waters
-They were a polytheistic society
-They were a patriarchal society
Sports
-Hunting, wrestling, polo with men sitting on the shoulders of other men instead of horses
, and majore a sport like rugby
Indus River civilization
Geography
-Father of Rivers
-Originating from the Tibetan Plateau
-Located in South Asia
-Tibet north of the Himalayas
Today we are starting our presentations.
Nile River Valley
- Located in Africa
-Goes through Egypt
-It was necessary for farming
-They used the river for traveling
-Its the longest river in the world (4150 miles)
-The Nile would flood every year from July to November
- The flooding was important because it brought new rich soil for the Egyptians
- It also washed away all of the waste
-The surrounding seas protected them from war and disease
- The river was used for transportation since it runs north-south
-The valley contains deposits of granite sandstone and limestone which were used for building materials
- They used hand soughs
-had oxen pull larger soughs
-They used goats and other animals to walk on the ground after planting to pack the seeds down
-Crops: barley leeks garlic wheat lentils turnips plums melons figs flax onions beans lettuce radishes grapes and cabbage
-harvest march-may
-used sickles to cut grin tied them into bundles and carried them away
- wheat bread bareley beer flax linen cloth
-papyrus reeds grew along the Nile made into sandals mats baskets boat and paper
-harvested fruit and vegetables
- religion: polytheistic multiple gods
-they built pyramids
-traveled on large boats
-Their economy depended mostly on the farmers
-social structure, kind ruling class craftsman farmers marginalized groups(normal people) slaves
-The Nile river was necessary for life in the early Nile river valley civilizations
-it helped them with traveling farming and building
Kingdoms Empires
- Mesopotamian(powerful state in ancient world
-Most fertile and rich parts of ancient world
-kings are called first dynasty of Babylon
-Babylon is the capital
-Jews were held there for 70 years
-Babylon means "Gate of Gods"
-Babylon is located in the land of Shinar
-Babylonia was an ancient empire that was in the near East in Southern Mesopotamia in between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers
-Babylonia was a long narrow country about 40 mile wide and an area of about 8000sq miles
-Death penalty-The death penalty was prescribe for theft murder adultery kidnapping etc
- marriage
-The first Dynasty( Nile)
- There is no definite ending so many historians combine dynasties 1 and 2
-Historians obtain this information from tombs
-The last pharaoh of the 2nd dynasty was Khasekhemwy
-He married Nemathap ending the second Dynasty
-The marriage strengthen the unity of the upper kingdom of the upper kingdom and lower kingdom of Egypt
-Their son Djoser was the first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty
- The Indus Arose about 2500 BC
-There has been 1056 settlements found
-Two major cities Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
-They are called the Harappan culture
-People who developed the civilization are unknown
-Advanced in technology
-Crated first known incantation system
-Strong and stable government
-Written language undeciphered
-The Yellow River Civilization(china)
-Shang Dynasty
-First family of chinese rulers that left a written record
-Build palaces and tombs
-Ruled Yellow river Valley in 2nd millennium BC defeating the Xia (shyah) Dynasty
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