The Nile River:
- farming community
- the most important crop was grain
- 3 seasons
- flooding (june-sept)
- growing (oct-feb)
- harvesting (march-may)
- built mud brick reservoirs to trap and hold water
- irrigation canals
- kept cattle, goats, pigs, ducks and geese
- had surplus crops which ment that they were able to sell and the economy would flourish
- had a king, ruling class, craftsman, farmers, and slaves
- deposited the nutrients need for growing food
- believed in many gods - polytheistic
- used hieroglyphics -way of communication
- had pyramids, large boats for travel, and built their houses out of mud bricks
- deserts to the east and west of the nile and mountains to the east
- spring the river would flood water in the mountains
- longest river in the world -4,100 miles
- only river that floods north
- gets lots of its water from mountains, plateaus, and lakes
- deserts to the east and west acted as natural barriers
- very predictable flooding
Indus River:
- Harappa
- built on mud bricks to protect from flooding
- lived off crops
- Houses were made of mud brick
- flourished around 2600-1700 B.C. in the western part of Asia. They were literate which means they could read and right
- Mohegan-Dora: means hill of the dead.
- The only civilization to have a private bathroom.
- located in larkana district of sindh, Pakistan. Largest city. Simple form of agriculture.
- Got between 5- 20 inches. Great for farming made soil excellent.
- Stretches across six countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan.
- Modern canals allows cotton, sugar cane and wheat to grow.
- Deforestation is ruining wildlife and communities.
- Feed the ecosystem of temperate forests planes and arid country side.
- Top river in Pakistan used for trading and irrigation.
- Based off the economy not power.
- drainage was 450,000 square miles.
Early River Civilizations:
Mesopotamia:
- irrigation was good and bad for the civilization
- water felt behind salt, salt would kill crops
- is known as Iraq, Syrvia, Turkey, and Iran
Nile:
- terrible flooding
- tried buillding levees and damns but they broke the clay houses and washed away the crops
- the greeks conquered and the egyptians came back to power
- home to the egyptian empire
Indus:
- river changed course
- floods didnt fertilize the fields so the soil became un fertile
- large monsoon
- people were Buddhist
- river goes to Pakistan, Afghanistan and part of Iran
Yellow:
- flows through nine provinces of China
- flooding wiped out the economy.... civilizations died
*flooding is a major problem for the river civilizations*
Mesopotamia:
- greek means between the rivers
- combining of the tigris and euphrates river
- flows through modern iraq
- made up of hills and plains
- fertile due to seasonal rains and stream and flowing
- it is also called the fertile crescent
- includes many countries
- believed in over 3,000 gods
- had ceremonies each month
- hunting, boxing, and wrestling were popular
- women are considered ready for marriage right after puberty
- most girls were brought up from childhood to learn the traditional roles of a mother, wife, etc.
- annual flood unpredictable cam sometime between April and June
- droughts made it hard to water crops, people starved due to crops failing
- built mud walls around their villages for protection
The Beginning of Empires:
Nile River:
- settlements began around 7000 years ago
- split into lower and upper Egypt
- soil was very rich
- divided into 3 kingdoms
China Yellow River:
- said to be the cradle of Chinese civilization
- armies would destroy dams to the yellow river to flood lands and slow down enemy troops
- became a common tactic
Mesopotamia:
- language was Akkadain and Sumerian
- religion was Sumerian; mythology, pantheon, rites, and cosmology
- monarchy government
Indus:
- bronze age civilization
- was no empire
- harappan civilization
- went across pakistan and northwest india
- indus had only about 100 harappan sites
- 500 sites had been discovered for harappan civilizations
Yellow River:
- second largest river in china
- known as the worlds muddiest major river
- supplies water to 12% of chinas population
- produced more than 1500 floods
- each year it takes it 1.5 billion tons of soil
- four different kinds of religions.. taoism. buddhism, islamism and catholicism
- cause was because of silt from nearby deserts -water absorbs and carries
- major cities; lanzhou, yinchun, hhot, zhangzhou, jinan
- amazing scenery of the river
- perfect waves
- mother river because of its size
- 10% of chinas land is fertile and well enough to grow good crops
- high mountain ranges makes it hard to grow crops
- rice is the most common crop
- employs over 300 million farmers
- 1931 flood killed about 1 million to 4 million people
- ancient china was built along two main rivers
- china is very mountainous and difficult to farm
- river stretches across china for over 2900 miles
TEST!!!
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