Because of the Nile River the early River Valley Civilizations would have a surplus of crops therefore they would be able to sell the surplus and the economy would flourish.
source- rivervalleycivilization.com
They grew wheat, barley,vegetables, fig, melons,pomegranates, vines, and flax which made into linen. The most important crop was grain. They used it for bread, porridge and beer. Grain was the first crop grown after inundation (flooding season). They grew onions, leeks, cabbages, beans, cucumbers and lettuce. They planted fruit trees and vines along paths, to give shade and fruit. They grew the crops along the banks in fertile soil (kemet).
3 Seasons- Akhet, Flooding season. ( June-September)
Peret- Growing Season. ( October- February)
Shemu- Harvesting Season. ( March-May)
During the flooding season most farmers fixed tools, worked for the Pharaohs. They used winnowing scoops, hoes, rakes, flint-bladed sickles and ploughs.
The Egyptians tried to trap as much flood water as possible.
They built mud-brick reservoirs to trap and hold water.
They had irrigation canals.
They used shadufs to lift water from canals.
They kept cattle, goats, pigs, ducks, and geese.
Peasants also hunted for antelope in the desert beyond the hills and fishing in the Nile.
- Mesopatamia:
- irrigation good and bad. way to get on but couldn't get it off. The water would leave salts on field and it kills crops.
- made up of people; Sumer, Acadian, Assyriean, and Babylon empires. Ende 1600bc. Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran.
- Nile; flooding, damns and levies broke, crops died, houses and animals washed away. greeks coquered then Romans after Egypt came back to power.
- 1070bc Romans took over egypt
- Indus; river changed course. no flooding, no fertile soil. large monsoon, ended 1300 bc.
- Buddhists, dards, pashtun, balch, and iranic stock river goes through pakistan, afghanistan and part of iradq.
- Yellow; shang dynasty ended 1046bc. flooding wiped out economy. zhou invaded shang dynasty and took over.
Indus River:
- Harappa Partially built on mud brick, 3 1/2 mil thick brick wall surrounds it
- Leterate people, 2600 - 1700 bc in western part of Asia
- Mohenjo- Daro on civilization to have private bathroom and toilet
- Located in larkana distric
- means " hill of the dead"
- total rain fall 5-20 inches. fertal soil.
- streches across 6 countries. borders mountains and arabian sea.
- Culture.
- modern canals. cotton, sugar cane, and wheat,
- major deforest station, fish farming possible.
- Importance. ]
- feed the ecosystem
- mostly used for trading and irrigation.
- provides keywater resources
- drinking
Mesopotamia:
Greek means "between the rivers"
Combination of Tigris and Euphrates. flows through modern Iraq.
fertile lands bc of seasonal rains.Most of it is made of infertile plains.
Aka fertile crescent.
Culture:
songs written for gods. to make rulers laugh. believed in over 3,000 gods, each city had a certain god.
hinting, boxing and wrestling very popular. girls considered ready for marriage after puberty
Annual flood unpredictable, crops failed people died.Usually between April and June.
6000 BC irrigation canals were made. workers unclogged canals and built damns to hold back flood water.
History: constant warfare. succession of shifting empire.
4500 BC settlements around marshes
Babylon was built along Euphrates.
Sumer "land of civilized lords" 4th millennium Sumer was divided into about a dozen independent city-states.
1st 5
Eridu
Bad- Tibira
Larsa
Sippar
Shuruppak
Resources: no forests, used mud bricks, plaster
Beginning of Empires:
Nile river; began 7000 yrs ago.gradually more complex. split into lower and upper Egypt, fought. 3000-2500 yrs ago, leader of powerful upper kingdom. army came divided into 3 kingdoms.
Yellow river; cradle of civilization for Asia. 1st dynasty xia, destroy dams to flood and slowdown enemy armies. ruled from 2205-1706 BC.
Mesopotamia; Sargon founded Addadian dynasty. religion was Sumerian, mythology, pantheon, rites, cosmology, monarchy gov't.
Indus; Bronze age civilization, 3300-1300 BC. really no empire also known as Harapan Civilization, went across Pakistan and northwest India
Yellow River: 2nd longest river in china. muddiest river, supplies water to 12% of china, since 602BC changed course 26 times. more than 1500 floods. more than 1.5 billion tons of soil each yr. 4 kinds of religions, Taoism, Buddhism, Islamism and Catholicism. color is bc of silt from near by desert. waves kinda look like chocolate milk. Major cities; Lanzhou, Yinchun, Hhot, Zhangzhou, Jinan. tourists enjoy scenery of river.and ancient chinese culture. it has more perfect waves than anyother river bc the coloration explodes against each other. originally Huang He River. Called mother river, many civilizations wouldn't exists if this river wasn't there. 10% is fertile bc of mountains, crops mainly grown on hills. Major crops: rice, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, corm, barley, tea, apples, oilseed, and cotton. China hires 300 million farmers. Only a handful of major floods, 1931 biggest, killed estimated 1 million to 4 million people. Ancient China built along Yangtze and Yellow river. very mountainous, yellow river stretched across china for over 2900 miles.
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