Mesopotamia
-Sargon founded the Akkadian Dynasty, which was the first empire in Mesopotamia. Spoke Akkadain and Sumerian. Religion was Sumerian. Had a monarchy government.
-Combining of the Tigris and the Euphrates river. Flows through Modern Iraq. Northern Mesopotamia is made up of hills. southern Mesopotamia is made up of marsh and flood plains.
-It is called the Fertile Crescent. Includes Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Palestine, Kuwait, and Sinai Peninsula, and Northern Mesopotamia.
-Songs were written for gods or important events. Made to make people laugh.
-They believed in over 3,000 gods.
-Each city had a specific god and did certain things for that city.
-Hunting, boxing, wrestling, and polo were played.
-Women acted very little as an individual. They were taught the ways of housekeepers. Most married right after puberty.
-Annual flood came between April and June. Farmers didn't know when to plant or how big flood was gonna be.
-Droughts caused low water levels and crops to fail.
-by 6,000 B.C. irrigation canals were made to carry water to fields. Workers would make dams when they didn't need anymore water
-Babylon was the capitol of ancient Mesopotamia.
-Often ruled by king.
-The first five city-states. Eridu, Bad-Tibira, Larsa, Sippar, Shuruppak
-Had few mountains. Easy to invade. Built mud walls around it.
-irrigation was good and bad for the civilization.
-The water would sit on the field and evaporate and leave salts behind.
-The salt on the field would ill the crop and make the land unfertile
-So they wouldn't have enough food for the civilization
-People from Sumer, Arcadian, Assyrian, and Babylon empires
-Babylonian empire ended around 160o B.C.
-Today Mesopotamia is made up of eastern Europe
Nile
-Settlement began around 7000 years ago. Complex societies gradually came to be. Split into two groups, Upper and Lower Egypt. 3000-2500 years ago the land was split to upper, lower, and middle Egypt.
-grew wheat , vegetables
-farming community
-grain was most important
-three seasons
- Akhet (flooding) Peret(growing) and shemu(harvesting)
-built mud brick reservoirs to hold water to store and hold water for crops and fertile soil (irrigation canals)
-used shadufs to lift water from the canals
-kept cattle goats pigs ducks and geese
-had a surplus of crops to sell to help the economy flourish from sales
-had a king, ruling class, craftsman, farmers(most people), slaves (little evidence)
-Nile deposited nutrients needed for growing food- plowing served only to break up topsoil.
-Polytheistic religion or believing in multiple gods (hieroglyphics)
-Menes possibly founded ancient Rome.
-Houses out of mud bricks, pyramids, large boats for travel deserts to east and west, mountains to the east
-spring the Nile would flood from mountain water
-Longest river in the world 4,100 miles in length, flows north
-get s its water from- Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda and Ethiopia
-deserts act as a natural barriers between lands
-floods were very predictable
-geography of Nile causes the fertile soil for them to flourish and economy to prosper.
-Flooding ended the Nile. Levies broke and wash away communities
-Greeks took over the Egyptians who regained power then the Romans took them over.
-1070 B.C. the Romans took over Nile River civilization
Indus
-Bronze Age Civilization from 3300-1300 B.C. AKA Harappan Civilization. Went across Pakistan and northwest India. More than 500 sites have been discovered along the beds of the Ghagger-Hakra River. Indus River only has 100.
Harappa
- built on mud bricks to protect from flooding.
-lived off crops
-Houses were made of mud brick
-flourished around 2600-1700 B.C. in the western part of Asia. They were literate which means they could read and right
-Mohegan-Dora: means hill of the dead.
-The only civilization to have a private bathroom.
-located in larkana district of sindh, Pakistan. Largest city. Simple form of agriculture.
-Got between 5- 20 inches. Great for farming made soil excellent.
-Stretches across six countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan.
-Modern canals allows cotton, sugar cane and wheat to grow.
-Deforestation is ruining wildlife and communities.
-Feed the ecosystem of temperate forests planes and arid country side.
- Top river in Pakistan used for trading and irrigation.
-Based off the economy not power.
-drainage was 450,000 square miles.
- River changed course.
-The fields became infertile because of lack of water.
-There was also a large monsoon.
-The Herappan civilization ended around 1300 B.C.
-The people were Buddhists of Ladahk, and the Dards of Indo- Aryan.
Yellow River
-Cradle of Chinese civilization. Armies of China would destroy dams to flood local lands and slow the enemy down. Yu the Great established the Xia Dynasty. Ruled from 2205-1766 B.C. - The shang dynasty ended around 1046 B.C.
-Flows through 9 provinces of china.
-Flooding wiped out economy.
-Shang was in power until
- Second largest river in China
-muddiest river.
-supplies 12% of Chinese population
-changed course 26 times since 602 BC
-Each year it takes in 1.5 billion tons of soil
-Four different kinds of religion: Taoism, Buddhism, Islamism, and Catholicism.
- Silt is carried in by nearby dessert. Looks like chocolate milk
- Major cities: Lanzhou, Yinchun, Hhot, Zhangzhou, Jinan
- Very good scenery
-Has more perfect waves than any other river simply because of the coloration the waves make when they explode against each other.
-Originally known as the Huang He River. Called the mother River because of size.
-This river was a great civilization for many people and supported many cultures.
-Only 10% of the land is fertile. The Mountains make it hard to grow. Many are grown on hills. Can be grown on flat ground if it has proper rainfall.
-Crops: Wheat, Rice, Peanuts, potatoes, corn, barley, tea, apples, oilseed, and Cotton. Rice is most common.
-China employs over 300 million farmers.
-Only a handful of floods but the 1931 flood was the biggest.
-Flood killed an estimated 1 million to 4 million people.
- Ancient China was built on the Yangtze in the South, and the Yellow River( Huang HE)
- China is very mountainous and hard to farm. Rice takes a lot of water and there aren't many tools
-The river stretches across 2,900 miles of china.
-The flooding helped because it made the soil fertile but yet if it got too out of control it wiped out civilizations.
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