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The river used to run through the Xia (21st-16th century BC) Shang (16th-11th century BC) and Tang (619-907) Dynasties
- Yin was the capital of the Shang Dynasty
- It was formed by the river, and it was very useful to the city
Another city by the river is Shang
- Most cities by the river, like Shang, were walled
- During the Tang Dynasty, many cities were built along the Yellow River
Mesopotamia
- First places of Phythgorean theorem and first government
- greek for land between two rivers
- Between Tigris and Euphrates rivers
- baskets and pottery were big trade
- Euphrates- calm
- Irrigation
- Challenges-flooding, cities would abandon, rivers would change courses, tigris-fast and violent
- believed in many gods
- wrote on clay tablets
- thought the world was a flat disc
- believed water covered the entire earth
- had monthly festivals based on phases of moon
- located in the fertile crescent
- bordering countries- iran, jordan, kuwait, saudi arabia, syria
- few trees
- lack of resources
- worlds first cities began around 4000-3500 bc in mesopotamia
- historic cities-babylon
- known for its color and luxury
- Ashur
- in modern day iraq
- used as a capital, buried kings there
Nile
- 4160 miles long
- located in africa, flows through sudan, uganda, egypt
- comes from greek work nilios which means "river valley"
- life was dependant on the river
- the "chief" of transport
- trading
- egyptians lived along both sides of the nile river
- 3 economic classes- upper, middle, lower
- religion was based on nature
- sun god-re, and god of the nile, hapi
- believed in life after death
- preserved people in mummies
- 3 civilizations formed. Nubia, Kemet, and Kush
Emperors and Kingdoms
Indus River
-no known kingdoms known or famous emperors
China
-XIa Dynasty is first known dynasty
-lots of artwork
-Along Yellow River
-Shang Dynasty
-well known for bronze
-liked human sacrifice
-Western Zhou
-Used father-son kingdom passing unlike shang which was brother-younger brother
-Eastern Zhou
-western had to relocate after barbaric people
Mesopotamia
-Babylon nation and dynasty
-between 1792 and 1750 BC the dynasty ruled
-Hammurabi was the king that created the Babylonian Empire
-empire did not last long because of Hammurabi died
-Neo-Babylonian Empire
-612 BC
-Was taken over in 539 BC by Roman Empire
City of Babylon
-55 miles south of bagdad
Egypian Kingdoms
-Pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time period in history
-2700-2200 BC
-Middle Kingdom
-Egypts golden age
-trade, art, and literature flourished
-built strong armys
-New Kingdom
-expansion period
-pharaohs buried in Valley of Kings
Indus River Valley
-3300 Bc to 1900BC
-Southwest asia
-present day pakistan, india, afghanistan, and china
-natural borders of himalayas and arabian sea sheltered them from attacks
-region was diverse
-consisted of forests, jungles, deserts, vast plains, and mountains
-importance
-used for transportation and trade
-fertilized the ground when it flooded
-provided irrigation
-similar to hinduism
-seals of animals and swastikas
-worshiped animals
-gods names are unknown cuz they died with the civilization
-had between 400 to 600 symbols
-Apparel
-clothes made of cotton and wool
-colorful robes
- made figures out of gold and stone
-had axes, spears, dagger
-food;wheat bread with rice or barley
-cities were perfect grid pattern
-Lothal was trading center along the Saurashtra (india) coast
-Harappa was one of the first cities build
Decline of the early river valley civilizations
-fall of the mesopotamian empire
-attacked by the Amorites
-fell in 1950 BC
-know as akkadian empire
bablyonian empire
-nebuchadnezzar died
-collapsed to the Romans
-fall of egypt empire
-most powerful during the ramesside period
-after alexander the great, Ptolemy Soter made himself ruler
- fell in 30 BC to the Roman Empire
-Yellow river civilization dies
-Xia was first ever recorded chinese civilization
-culture subsided due to famine and being overrun by shang dynasty
-Shang dynastys leader was killed by the Zhou clan
-Zhou clan died due to some sort of civil war
-Indus valley civilization
-Floods destroyed irrigation system and buildings
-Aryans invaded and took over after fall
-constant flooding caused people to stop taking care of things
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