NILE RIVER:
Importance/How the river worked-
The Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching about 4,160 miles.
Transportation.
Since the Nile flowed North-to-South, the early people were able to move goods upland.
Besides fertile soil, the Nile Valley also offered its sunny, frost-free climate which made it easy to grow many kinds of crops.
The Nile Valle contains deposits of granite, sandstone, and limestone which the Egyptians used as building materials.
Location was another advantage because the deserts and seas that surrounded the Nile Valley provided a natural protection against invaders.
99% of the population of Egypt today lives in the Nile River Valley. This fertile soil was excellent for planting.
If the river did not rise enough, there would be less area available for planting that year. it caused the growth of many crops due to the fertilization of the silt surrounding the Nile but also caused the mass flooding of the Nile.
The seas around the civilization served a barrier against war and disease.
This early civilization formed down the lush fields of the Nile River. Protected by the water and desert, the civilization was able to grow into Egypt and surrounding colonies
It is Africa's longest river, reaching 4150 miles from the lakes that feed it and the streams that feed those lakes
After the end of the New Kingdom Egypt came under the control of a succession of foreign powers in northern Africa, the Mediterranean basin, Anatolia, and western Asia
The Nile Valley contains deposits of granite, sandstone, and limestone which the Egyptians used as building materials.
Location was another advantage because the deserts and seas that surrounded the Nile Valley provided a natural protection against invaders.
99% of the population of Egypt today lives in the Nile River Valley. This fertile soil was excellent for planting.
If the river did not rise enough, there would be less area available for planting that year. it caused the growth of many crops due to the fertilization of the silt surrounding the Nile but also caused the mass flooding of the Nile.
The seas around the civilization served a barrier against war and disease.
This early civilization formed down the lush fields of the Nile River. Protected by the water and desert, the civilization was able to grow into Egypt and surrounding colon Mesopotamin-
- Most powerful country
- fertile soil
- Kings called the First dynasty of Babylon
- Babylon is capital
- Babylon is located in the lan of Shinar
- Jews were held captive for 70 years
- Babylonia was an ancient empire, long narrow country
- The death penatly was prescribed for theft, murder, kidnapping
- Marriage was only legal if recorded in writing
- only married women could own property
Nile- First Dynasty-Egypt
- 3100 B.C.-2890 B.C.
- first dynastyt was founded in lower kingdom
- Capital at this time was Memphis
- Founded by Narmer
- Narmer also united the two kingdoms of Epypt
- The shield was the first object to have hieroglyphics
- Narmer Palette was made
- there is no definite ending, historians combine dynasties 1 and 2.
- Historians got the info from the tomb
Nile- Second Dynasty- Egypt
- 2890 B.C- 2686 B.c.
- Capital was Thinis
- Hotepsekhemwy was the founder of the Second Dynasty
- last pharoh was Khasekhemwy
- married Nemathap, ending the 2nd dynasty
- Their marriage strenghtened the upper and lower dynasty
- Their son was the first pharoh of the third dynasty
- third dynasty stared the New Kingdom Period in Egypt
Indus-
- Arose about 2500 B.C.
- 1056 settlements found
- two major cities were Mohenjo- Daro and Harrappa
- Called the harappan culture
- people who developed the indus were unknown
- advanced in technology
- created the first sanitation system
- strong and stable government
- written language- undeciphered
Yellow River-China
- CHang Dynasty
- formed 1600-1046 B.C.
- first family of chiense rulers that left written records
- built palaces and tombs
- Capital was Anyang
- lang- old chinese
- government was Monarchy
- they found alot of wars with neighboring settlements
Mesopotamia
- commonly thought of as the first civilazation.
- Mostly broken up into city states
- cities by the river.. Mari, Kutu, Babylon
- 2 rivers were Tigris and Euphrates
- The valley between T and E was known as between the rivers
- Never a regular supply of water
- Between the Tigris and Euphrates River in Iraq
- mainly desert in the north and marshes and lagoons in the South
- The south gets alot of rain
- About 5,800 sq. miles
- trade route of how they get there food are wine, animals, donkeys, and camels
- alot of trading was done with the Persians and India
- Trading done between 4000 and 6000 BCE
- they used cuneform to write
- they were advanced in mathematics invented the wheel
- they used a base of the number 60
- they belived that the world was a flat disk that was inclosed by a over arching heaven
- they thought the sea was all aorund the earth
- they believed in many gods
- the fathers were the heads of the household
- hunting, wrestling, polo, majore- games they played
- government was a monarchy
- they believed that their rulers were decedants were from gods
Uruk-in about 5000 BCE Uruk was founded
- Largest city in the world at a time
Nippur- 5000BCE
- hit its peak around 2500 BCE
- special place of the worship to the Sumerian god
Ninevah- 6000 BCE
- one of the oldet cities
- became very religious, worshipping Ishtar
- Earthquake destroyed the first temple of Ishtar-rebulit in 2260 BCE
Indus
- meant the Father of Rivers
- originated from the Tibetan Plateau- located in south asia
- valley people have mountains and deserts protecting them
- the religion is still uncertain
- people were born into social classes and they never changed
- the women were valued for making babies
- the kids took over there parents jobs
- highly organized ag
- trade was a big part of there culture
- Harappa- was one of the biggest and first cities, largest known site was Ganweriwala
- Mohenjo-Daro- divided into two portions, Citadel was the lower city, they had sanitation systems
China
- Anyang was built of wood.
- The rich people lived in timber framed houses and the poor people lived in huts
- Shang people needed walled citie becasue they were always at war
- The main reason why its called the Yellow River is because of the deposits of yellowsilt
- the floods are disatrous
- Yellow China is sometimes called Chinas Sorrow
- isolated geographic region
- most of the land was located between the yellow river and the Chang Jiang in Eastern China
- called the yellow river the mother river
- gunpowder, the compass and papermakiing
- Yuan Dynasty
- the yellow river provides the poppulation with drinking supply
- 400 million people live in the yellow river basin
- supplies water to 155 million people
The Fall of the Early Empires
- alot of empires and they all ended in differnet ways or they just combined into another empire
Mesopotaimin Empire
- The Assyrian EMpire ended in 612 BC when the capital city was invaded
- King Sin Shar ishkun was killed during the siege
- the babylonians took over the area shortly after
Babylonian
- Strongest empire
- the king of the persian empire, cyrus ordered an incvasion
- babylonia soon became part of the persian empire
- Babylonia was then known as Persian Babylonia
Persian Empire
- ended to the fall alexander the great after a long military campaign
- it became a part of the greek se;eucid
- after this there was alot of conflict between romans and parthians
Nubians and Egyptians
- Nubia and Egypt were the two biggest river valey civilzations
- around 1640 BC egyptian trade routes expanded and eventually egypt took over Nubia
- Egypt still exsists today
Indus
- people dont know for sure what happened
- historians believed that there was a huge climate change
- food shortages also caused the people to starve and spread diease
Yellow river/ China
- the fall was blamed on the last king because he fell in love with an evil women
- the people rebeled against his leadership
- the shang dynasty ended when king killed his own son and murdered his minister
- the Zhou army battled the Shang
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