Mesopatamia - pythagorean theorm, first government
- greek for the land between two rivers
Importance of 2 rivers
- tigris and euphrates
- trade and commerce
- baskets and pottery
- crops, irrigation
- minerals
- grazing animals
Challenges - flooding, change courses without notice.
Culture-
- believed in many gods
- write on clay rocks
- bury people with items
- gods decided what crops would be grown
Beliefs - believed the world was flat disk, water covered the entire earth, believed universe was born from the enormous sea.
Monthy Festivals - over many things such as phases of the moon, and also earth stuff.
Geography -
- located in fertile crescent
- mesopotamia is centered around he euphrates and tigris rivers
- borderind countries - iran, jordan , kuwait, saudi arabia, syria, ect...
- people settled for water, warm climate, fertile soil
- lack of resources - few trees, little rainfall, traded surplus for stone, wood, and metal.
Yellow RIver -
Intro - large river flwing from central to eastern china
- supporting hundreds of civilizations and still supports people today
Geography -
- named after yellow clay, loess
- also refered to as Huang He river in china
- 3000 miles long
- begins in central china
- empties in bohai sea which is part of the pacific ocean
What people did with Yellow River
- used to flood, so many people died
- or people died from drowning
- good food producing areas
- couldn't sell or trade as much because of mountains
- grow own crops and livestock
Culture
- "cradle of chinese civililization
- believed in supernatural powers, asked gods for something that they needed
- woman couldn't own property
- leader was Shang King
- warlords were military leaders that ruled over separate territories.
- family most important thing in culture
- father was head - arranged marriages and chose jobs.
- rituals were performed by men
- didnt have a written language for a very long period of time
Cities and States that emerged
- the river ran through, Xia, Shang, and Tang Dynasties
- Shang was walled - to protect from attacks
Emperors and Kingdoms -
No government a long time ago, just emperors and kingdom
Indus River -Not any kingdoms ect.
Xia Dynasty - first known dynasty of the cinese area along the yellow river
- little is known about it no writing remains
- xia was know for black pottery
Shang - the most known dynastys in China
- liked human sacrifice
- famous for creating objects out of bronze
Western Zhou - father to son kingdom passing
- didnt rule all of what was them china
Eastern Zhou - western had to relocate so became this
Indus River Valley - 3300 bc to 1900 bc
- southwest asia
- present day pakistan, india, afghanistan, and china
- himalayas border it
- branched into 7 great rivers
- forests, jungles, deserts, plans, and mountains
- used for transportation and trade
- fish and water
Religion - similar to hinduism, believed in life after death, worshiped mother goddess
- many cities were set up in the civilization
lothal - trading center along the saurashtra India coast
- mohenjo daro - largest city and most advanced of the time.
THE DECLINE OF THE EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION
fall of the mesopotamian empires - fell in 1950. attacked by amorites, unknown why they couldnt defend themselves well enough
the babylonian empire - just collapsed and were over taken by the romans.
End of ancient eygpt empire - along the nile, most powerful during ramesside period, invaded and conquered by foreighn powers such as libyans, nubians, assyria, babylonian, and pursia rule.
early yellow river vally civilization - subsideded due to famine and being over run by the shang dynasty.
Indus Vally Civilization - floods destroyed irrigation system. constant flooding people stopped taking care of crops, neglect made the civilization fall, aryans invaded and took over
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