ALL NOTES
Why we study history:
- Learns from the past so it doesn't repeat itself
- They believed if you knew about history, it separated the educated from the non-educated
- Learn about cultures and different ways of life
Early river valley civilizations:
- Lived near rivers for water. For life and to grow crops
- Civilizations- settled down grow crops and store food for times without, not nomadic or hunter gatherers
- Mesopotamia, Nile, Indus, Yellow River (China)
Group project- INDUS RIVER VALLEY
GEOGRAPHY-
- Southwest Asia
- Present Day Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan
- Largest ancient civilization
- Natural Borders of the Himalayas and the Arabian Sea sheltered the flat plains from attacks and disease
- The Indus river system branched out into 7 more great rivers, of them exist today
- The summer monsoon season provide the river and the valley with much needed moisture
- It was green and heavily forested
- Perfect for growing wheat and barley, developed distinct copping techniques
- The Indus River Valley is a diverse region when it comes when it comes to the geography of the area.
- The region spans from deserts, mountains, jungles and forests.
- It can be extremely dry or really wet during the monsoon season.
- The Himalayas provided protection from invasions from the north and other mountain ranges protect in the east and the west.
- The river provided an excellent source of transportation and trade.
- The river provided fertile soil to grow crops
- The Indus River is the 21st largest river in the world.
- The delta today is made of sand and silt
- the River has caused massive amounts of erosion
- Religion- similar to Hinduism, seals of animals and swastikas, believed in life after death, worshiped Mother Goddess who represents fertility, worshiped animals, can't find the names of the gods because they died with the civilization.
- Weapons- axes, spears, dagger, no armor or shields.
- Clothes- made of cotton and wool.
- Jewelry- men and women- necklaces, armlets, finger rings and bangles. Women- nose and ear rings, anklets.
- Toys- kids played with wheeled carts and chairs that were carved. People danced for fun.
- Language- pictographic similar to Proro-Elamitc in Babylonia.
- Food- wheat bread with rice or barley, fish, crops were grown, water buffalo, pigs, sheep were raised
Notes:
Mesopotamia-
- Pythagorean theorem and first government
- Tigris and Euphrates
- Trade and commerce baskets and pottery
- Many cities on banks
- Irrigation for crops, grazing animals
- lots of flooding, rivers change courses without notice
- 3 000 gods
- writing on clay plates and people buried with them to tell life story
- world was flat and water covered earth
- Monthly festivals based on phases of moon
- Located in the fertile crescent
- hills and plains mostly flat and marshy
- Iran Jordan Kuwait Saudi Arabia Syria and turkey
- Settled area for water, fertile soil silt
- few trees, little rain in south traded for things they didn't have
- rain in north, mountains and hills, most water in river comes from snow in mountains
- 4000-3500 B.C. ancient urban societies
- Uruk, Nippur, Babylon (capitol) colorful and luxury
- Ashur, modern day Iraq used for religious capitol
- Nippur, religious regions
- Nineveh, modern day Iraq
Nile River-
- 4 160 miles
- Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi
- Nelios means river valley
- Life was very dependent on the river
- The "Chief" of transport
- Trading was very easy on Nile
- The people were called Egyptians
- 3 classes of society, upper, middles, lower
- Dark skin and hair
- men wore skirts and robes women skirts and dresses
- sandal= money
- women makeup and painted fingernails
- nature religion, sun god Re
- god of Nile, Hapi
- life after death, preserved people in money, clothing food in tombs
- 40 million people
- still used today
- Nubia- land of bow
- Kemet- star of Africa
- Kush- the jewel of Nubia
Yellow River
- Northern border of China
- supports people today as well as back then
- yellow clay "loess"
- 3000 miles long empties into pacific ocean
- The river was very prone to floods
- great food producing areas 10 percent of land in china is suitable for farming
- Couldn't sell and trade very well because of mountains. self sufficient
- Cradle of Chinese civilization
- many gods
- women couldn't own property
- Shang King, city of Anyang
- Separate territories
- Family was very important, father was the head
- chose marriages and occupations of children
- Didn't have a written language for a very long period of time
- Yin was the capitol of the Shang Dynasty
- river was very useful to city
- Shang, a walled city to protect from attacks
Emperors and Kingdoms
- Started out on rivers
- Indus River, none known
- China Yellow River, First known dynasty is the Xia. known for black pottery
- Shang dynasty, most known. well known for bronze work. Human sacrifices, brother to younger brother
- Western Zhou Father son kingdom passing
- Eastern Zhou relocated when western Zhou was attacked
- Mesopotamia, river had high banks
- Babylon nation and dynasty, Hammurabi
- Hammurabi created Babylon empire, didn't last long, he died
- Neo Babylonia empire, taken over by Roman Empire
- Egypt, pharaohs were buried in pyramids easy to rob
- Middle kingdom was the golden age, arts trade and literature flourished, hidden tombs
- The new kingdom, expansion period became a world power buried in the valley of kings
The Decline of Early River Valley civilizations
- Mesopotamia- attacked by Amorites, Babylonian empire
- Babylonian collapsed taken over by romans
- Egypt- invaded and conquered by foreign powers, fell to roman empire
- Yellow River- Zhou clan became dynasty and was destroyed with a civil war
- Indus River- Floods destroyed the irrigation system and buildings, Aryans invaded and took over
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