US Homefront:People back home making war goods, food, medical supplies.1. Selective Training and Service Act-Instituted the U.S. draft. First peacetime draft in U.S. history, was used until 1973 to fill military needs. After that, the military depended on volunteers.George C. Marshall was the cheif of staff during WWII.2. Women's role in WWIITook over men's jobs. (Rosie the Riveter) Nursing. Typists, making equipment and ammunition. WASP; Women's Army Service Pilots; tested planes, transported them. Tokyo Rose forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan. She taunted the troops and played music from home. She was a U.S. citizen and was convicted of treason.3. African-American's role in WWIIFought in infantry, flied airplanes. Tuskegee Institute, bombing Italy, Germany.4. Asian's role in WWIIDid everything a white man did, except discriminated against.5. Hollywood's role in WWIIEntertained troops overseas, put out propaganda films, portrayed Germans/Japanese as bad, ugly, and us as just and invincible. Cary Grant, John Wayne famous actors. USO (Bob Hope); sent actors/singers/dancers overseas to entertain the troops.6. Office of Price AdministrationDeals with price controls; dealt with rationing food/gas/clothing. Thousands of workers. Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon. Gas rationing began in May 1942; limited to 5 gallons of gas per week. Assigned stickers, A allowed 4 gallons/week, B sticker; supplementary allowance for war workers, C sticker; vital occupation such as doctor, T sticker; truckers allowed unlimited gas. Black market developed in stolen or counterfeit stickers. 1945; 32,500 motorists arrested for using false stickers, 4000 gas stations closed. Everyone given booklet of stamps to buy food. Book came with instructions and 28 stamps.7. War Production BoardPropagandatold workers not to waste time, work hard, etc.8. National War Labor BoardMade sure workers got along, anti-strike.9. Why the Homefront helped win the warHenry Kaiser- built ships. Everyone helped make medical supplies, weapons, ammunition. Women working in factories, war production board encouraging people to make as much stuff as possible, Hollywood keeping things positive, National War Labor Board making sure people didn't go on strike. Intelligence gathering.10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boatsWe built faster ships to outrun them. Convoy system; ships travelled in large numbers. Ultra and Magic. Hunter-Killer ships and airplanes. Depth charges.11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/MagicTrying to intercept and decode messages. Radar helped detect vessels and aircraft, HF/DF used to located sources of enemy radio transmissions; submarines. Ultra and Magic were the codenames for intercepting and deciphering German and Japanese codes. German; Ultra. Japanese; Magic. British and American trackers worked together to locate Axis powers using these. Enigma; German system that transferred their code, solving it's code was one of the great Allied triumphs of world war II. British "Bombe" decoded it.12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)Hitler invaded Soviet Union because of Lebensbraum. (living space) Wanted Ukraine for farmland, use people as slave labor, defeat of USSR would further isolate the Allies. He wanted the oilfields in the Caucasus mountains. He didn't trust Stalin. German propaganda showed that Stalin was planning to attack Germany. He also hated all the ethnic Slavs ruled by their "Jewish Bolshevik" masters. Barbarossa began at 3:30 a.m. on June 22, 1941. 3/4 of German's army was here. By end of year 1, 3,500,000 Red Army soldiers in captivity and 4,000,000 dead. Wanted Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad. Soviets pushed back after 90% of Stalingrad was controlled. Battle of Moscow; October 1941. Hitler believed it was the major military and political target in the USSR as it would lead to the collapse of the country. Germans got within 12 miles before Soviet forces stopped the advance. Marked a major turning point of the Easter Front. Hitler was furious, blamed commander in cheif and fired him, then took control and made all military decisions. Led many German officers to go against him. Hitler surrounded himself with staff officers with little or no recent combat. Siege of Leningrad; Septermber 8, 1941.. last land connection to the city cut off by Germany. Lifting of the siege took place 872 days after it began. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history and one of the most costly in terms of casualties. People were cannibals, also ate pets, amongst other disgusting things. Hungry gangs attacked and ate defenseless people. Never took Leningrad, but surrounded it and destroyed a lot of it. Over a million red army captured or missing, two and a half million wounded and sick.13. Battle in Africa and ItalyErwin Rommel-the desert fox. Very important general for Germany. Very smart, always outwitted, maneuvered, etc. the enemy. Eventually killed by Nazi's. Montgomery; Britain. George Patton; important general for U.S. Treated soldiers very roughly. Well-known and respected. Both Patton and Montgomery went after Rommel. Operation; codename for British-American invasion of French Notrh Africa. We defeated Germans, Italians and Vichy France. Casablanca conference; U.S. and Britain, unconditional surrender of Germany. Fighting in the Appenine Mountains; enemy had high ground, hard to regain control. Fighting in Italy took a long time; 2-3 years.14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, BradleyMarshall; army chief of staff. Eisenhower; head honcho of all Generals. Bradley; Famous General. MacArthur; General against Japan refused to evacuate until FDR made him.. then went to Australia.. came back to the Phillipines and became head of all U.S. and Australian forces. Nimitz; admiral of U.S. navy against Japan.15. D-Day-Operation OverlordJune 6, 1944. Allied invasion of Nazi France. Two phases. 1st; airborne assault landing of 24,000 British, American, Canadian, and Free French troops shortly after midnight. 2nd; amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of France starting at 6:30 a.m. Also decoy operations to distract the German forces from the real landing areas. Largest amphibious invasion in world history; over 160,000 troops. Roughly 10,000 Allied casualties. Atlantic wall to defend against us.16. Battle of the BulgeWinter of 1944, we're right on the border of Germany. Many men, tanks, aircraft lost. Worst American loss in all of WWII. Hitler's last effort. Malmedy Massacre, 86 American soldiers were murdered, worst atrocity against American soldiers in Europe. Did nothing but kill people.17. FDR Dies-Truman takes overTruman becomes18. VE DayVictory in Europe Day; May 8, 1945. War over in Europe.19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,We adopted an island-hopping policy; saved time, money, lives. Took over islands, cut them off from communication/resources. Strategy in South Pacific against Japan. Hopped over non-important or smaller islands. December 7, 1941; Phillipines (U.S. territory) Bataan Death March; May 1942; 6 mile stretch where Japanese forces U.S. and Filipino POW's to march 60 miles to another camp. Perhaps up to 20,000 dead. Physical abuse to the soldiers.. Japanese later put on trial for war crimes. Battle of the Coral Sea; major naval battle between Japanese navy and allied naval and air forces from the U.S. and Australia. Battle was first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, neither side's ships saw or fired directly upon the other. Battle of Midway; most important naval battle against Japan. We defeated them in the attack against Midway island. They suffered heavy losses and never recovered. Magic played big role. Guadalcanal; fought in Solomon islands archipelago. Significant strategic victory by Allied forces over Japanese in Pacific theatre. Marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to offensive that resulted in Japan's eventual surrender and the end of World War II. Battle of Leyte Gulf "Sunk" Japanese navy, both literally and figuratively. MacArthur returned to the Phillipines, we took them over. Iwo Jima; very mountainous, Japs were dug into the mountains, hard to see/find; made it very dangerous. Raised flag on Mt. Suribachi; very well known, popular, monument in D.C. Okinawa; very close to Japan. We were bombing them heavily, major cities destroyed but they didn't surrender, thought we'd have to invade them.20. Navajo Code TalkersCode we used to give information about where people were, where to bomb, other military info. Navajo language put into a code. Officers ordered to shoot and kill Navajo talker if they were being captured. Code was that important.21. Doolittle's RaidMission; bomb Tokyo, Japan. Said to be a suicide mission. Happened because an attack on Japanese homeland would cause confusion and questioning of the reliability of their leaders. Americans needed a morale boost.22. Manhattan Project23. Hiroshima bombing24. Nagasaki bombing25. VJ Day26. Yalta Conference27. Nuremburg Trials28. Japanese Internment Camps in US-Hitler's suicide; gets married to long time sweetheart Eva Braun. Died same day she married him. Both took poison, he shot himself. He had his bodyguards burn his body. Gubbels killed his entire family.
Comments