Intro to the cold war..
- the ussr vs. the us --1945-1990
- definition- political, strategic, and ideological struggle between the united states and the soviet union
- spread throughout the world- Europe, asia, africa, and Latin America
- things look good for the soviet union at first but they ultimately fail
Democracy-government for the people by the people-- representative democracy- we elect senators and representatives to speak for us
Capitalism- people would own and control businesses
Socialism- businesses are owned and controlled by the government
Communism- making everyone equal
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels- men who basically invented communism
class struggle-poor vs. rich- rich controlled the government so poor would overrun them-- they wanted to get rid of this so there were no classes or anything-- everyone needs to be equal.
Bolshevik Revolution- russia became communists-- we started hating communists-- Lenin vs. Stalin. lenin thought class struggle would happen- he dies- stalin takes over- he did two things: nationalization- government taking over businesses and collectivization- government taking over farms; people fought back and lost
Red Scare- we were afraid we were becoming communists
1. Causes of the Cold War
- fundamental differences and beliefs
- different political systems
- --US is based on democracy, capitalism, and freedom
- --USSR is based on dictatorship, communism, and control
- both thought their system was better than the other and distrusted the others intentions
- stalin despised capitalism- he believed in equality
- stalin broke his promise to allow free elections at the yalta conference
- american fear of a communist attack and USSR's fear of a US attack
- USSR's fear of atomic bomb
- USSR's actions in their German zone
- USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
- feeling of suspicion lead to mutual distrust and this did a great deal to deepen the Cold War
- wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another great depression
- promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- stop the spread of communism
- wanted to create greater security for itself
- establish defensible borders
- encourage friendly governments on it's borders
- spread communism around the world
2. Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine-
used to prevent the spread of communism all around the world
domino effect-changes in a linear sequence-- used by many leaders-dwight eisenhower applied this theory-- if we don't stop it from spreading, it'll keep spreading
Iron Curtain Speech- Churchill's speech- people considered that to be the start of the cold war-- Europe was divided into east- communists and west- democratic-- a figurative iron curtain split europe in two
Marshall plan- financial aid to european countries- stop communism by america giving europe $17 billion - this money was used to european countries rebuild that were devastated by the war- plan was to help european countries to gain strength and stop the spread of communism-- marshal was the chief of staff of the military
Truman Doctrine- march 12, 1947-- truman didn't try to destroy the USSR- mainly wanted to stop the USSR from growing more- President truman stated that he would give economic and military aid to greece and turkey to prevent them from falling into soviet control
3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-
- macarthy was part of it
- concerned about hollywood
- black mailing the stars
4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
- went to college for engineering and then studied law
- joined marines-- became second lieutenant
- won a place in senate
- he gave a speech saying he knew all the people who were communists in the state depart.
- McCarthy continued to exploit communism
- McCarthyism-came from the washington post-- if you complain you're a communist-- unstable
- McCarthy won his seat back in the senate in 1952
- died may 2, 1957.. age 48
5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian-
6. China becoming communist-Mao- my topic!
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-massive retaliation, mutual deterrence-
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- goals- political and military alliance
- Warsaw pact- opposite of nato-- formed to contradict nato- tried to stop nato from accomplishing their goals
- de-stalinization-- forced labor brought to an end- improved prison conditions- anything bearing Stalin's name was renamed
- major events- stalin's body moved near the kremlin wall and Stalingrad renamed volgograd (russians carried it out)
- mutual Deterrence/ massive retaliation-- they are one in the same- if attacked USSR or the USA would respond with massive retaliation
8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-
11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
12. Nixon's visit to China-
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--
21. Vietnam Conflict
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