- Japan
- Dictatorship also came to Japan
- not through a political party but the military
History
- rich military tradition
- feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
- The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
- came form divine origin
- descendent of the Sun Goddess
- played minor role in the government
- he was above politics
- shogun had the political power
- ruled in the name of the Emperor
- Japanese society
- 1. Landowning clans dominated
- protected by the samurai
- 2. Wealthy merchant class
- 3. Peasants
- most of the people of Japan
- Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
- In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
- adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
- 1. heavy industry
- 2. modern army
- 3. strong navy
- Showed off new power in several wars
- 1. Sino-Japanese War
- 1894-95
- Japan won
- 2. Russo-Japanese War
- 1904-05
- Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
- gained partial control of Manchuria
- 3. World War I
- allied with the US
- gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
- 1920’s
- gave all men the right to vote
- signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
- joined the League of Nations
- signed the Kellog-Briand Pact
- 1930’s
- Great Depression changed everything
- people blamed the government for tough times
- military leaders stepped in and took control
- said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
- assassinated political leaders that opposed them
- took away people’s rights
- Japanese Military Honor
- 1. fight to the death
- 2. commit suicide rather than surrender
- 3. gekokujo
- open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
- seen as a positive thing
- shows the spirit of the soldier
- Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
- What did this situation prove?
- 1. The League of Nations could not enforce its authority
- 2. A major power could get away with using force
- 3. Great Britain and France wanted to avoid war at all costs
- 4. Other powers would see this as a sign that they too could get away with the use of force
- 5. The League also lost its most powerful member in the Far East - Japan
- FDR and Hoover run for president - FDR wins by a lot - 1937
- Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
- Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
- one of the worst colonial disasters of modern history
- Feb. 23, 1935, Italy send large forces into Ethiopia
- Oct. 7, 1935, League declared Italy the aggressor
- Italy/Ethiopia Invasion
- Nov. 18, 1935, Leagues sanctions begin
- arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
- Feb. 1936- League could not agree on critical oil sanctions mainly because FDR refused - US controlled 50% world oil trade
- Feb. 29, 1936 - FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
- 1. mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
- 2. mandatory ban on loans to warning nations
- May 5 - Italy occupied Addis Ababa - annexed all Ethiopia May 9, 1936
- Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War - 1936-1939
- FDR vs Alf Landon 1936 - FDR won
- Rome - Berlin Axis is formed - 1936
- an alliance between Germany and Italy
- Mussolini called it the Axis powers because he said that the world would rotate around Rome and Berlin
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