10 Days until Christmas!Continued the presentations again. Then started the 1920s1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?Central powers and Allied forces-imperialism - strong countrie takes over a weaker country-militarism - a country uses there military to take over another country-nationalism - having strong pride for your country-assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand-Ally Powers are Japan, U.S., Great Britain, France, Russia.-Central Powers: Germay, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Kingdom of Bulgaria, and Austria-Hungary.2. What were the major alliances of WWI?-Biggest Allied Powers: US, France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia-Russia and Serbia-Germany and Austria-Hungary-France and Russia-Britain and France and Belgium-Japan and Britain3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?Albania- was wanting to be independent and didn't want counrties to take it overAustria-Hungary- didn't want Serbia to take them over. Serbia was bombing themBelgium- Keep independence from GermanyBrazil- neutral at begining wanted to keep trade.China- wanted to free them of treaties and put in Wilson's 14 pointsCosta Rica and Cuba against Germany and didn't want submarine warfare- sinking shippsGermany-Started the war against Russian's mobilization (getting ready to fight) wanted to sercure and maintain German unificationRussia- Eliminate Germany as a competitor and wanted to be know as a world powerFrance-Tready with Russia avenge military defeats in the past and weaken the German's EconomyBrittain-Defend Belgium and become a Super PowerAmerica-German sinking ships democracy4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?Battle of Mons- British Expeditionary Force, then met a German army unexpected, in france, british troops still retreated against them 1914Battle of Tannerberg- Russians and Germany. Russias invaded them. one of the Generals Samsonov commited suicide after the bad defeat.Battle of Marne- German and French, saved Paris from GermanyBattle of Aisne- Allies against the Germans 1st and 2nd armies, Allied forces were slow due to fatigue and caution, didnt really have a winnerBattle of Albert- part if the race to the sea, started the whole trench warfare. both sides werent able to make decisive ground. wanted to dirve west for industrial and food and stuff5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?ALso the north sea was the main body of naval war. Britain tried to block germany off from overseas trade and resources.■Battle of Jetland-one of the largest, May 21-June 21st■Battle of Dogger Bank-huge victory for the British■Battle of Heligoland-first naval battle, August 28, 1914, British victory■Battle of Coronel-November 1st, 1914, near Chile, German Victory■Battle of Falkland Islands-December 8th, 1914, German Victory6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?■Woodrow declared neutrality7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?■May 7th, 1915-Germany U-boats at the Lusitania■1917-Wilson asked Congress to declare war, entered as an associated power, instead of an official ally■Upset with G.B. and Germany■Trade with England rose, Germany declined■Zimmerman Note-coded telegram sent by Arthur Zimmerman on January 16, 1917, was intercepted by the British cryptographers, given to the newpapers and out raged the public◦Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States◦Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won◦Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe■Beliefs of War Hawks■Trade with England increased, Germany decreased as years went on■British and American Propaganda■Preparedness Program-US started arming and preparing for war■American Business-munitions business pushed US into war to make money■German declaration of "unlimited submarine warfare"8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?■The Battle of Cantigny (may 28th 1918)■The Battle of Belleauwood(june 1918)■The Battle of LeHemal (july)■The Second Battle of Marne (end of july into august)9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?■Schielffn Plan - german plan of attack of WW1, need to defeat attack france quickly◦problems- belgium stronger than anticipated■Plan 17- french plan of attack during WW1, Designed by Ferdinand Foch, put into action by the french commander in chief Joseph Joffre, relied on Elan Vital■Plan 19 or A - fermany attacks france, russia attacks russia in route to germany, 2 armies attack while the rest protect Russsia from Austria Hungary■Plan G - never happened but if it were going to happen - Germany attacks Russia full scale, Russia lets them invade them, once deep into russia attack the germans■AEF American Expeditionary Force- Select American Troops, Deployed to assist french and Britain Froces, ofted referred to as dough boys10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?BAYONET -a simple blade attached to the barrel of a rifle used in close combat situationsFLAMETHROWER - a fire spreading mechanism first used by the germans it was bad if you were in a trenchPOISON GAS - first used by french they were chloride filled which caused cough attacks for the opposing army, germans created mustard gas which was deadly but orderless.SUBMARINES - u boats were sued in combat they sank three british battleships, merchant ships fo the allies to stop them from dustributing, commonly used for sneak attacksTANKS - armored cars that have firing mechanisms attacked to themMACHINE GUNS - warpons that were fired at a faster rate and for a longer time, they had problems working becuase they would get jammedAIRPLANE - used for a little bombing and dog fighting11. Describe trench warfare.Battling between to popposing armies that are both entrenched. Jush laying in a trench shooting back at eachother12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.■increased taxes■Liberty Bonds■Lever Act persuaded Americans to save food for the shipment over seas■Victory gardens supplied food for the soldiers to reduce pressure for the public to supply food■women started doing men's jobs, started getting more rights (right to vote after the war)■African Americans-managed war efforts, worked in factories, nurses, moved into richer areas13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points. -propisition to end WWI and create peace post war1.Open covenents of peace-1.No more secrets2.Prohibit treaties2.Absolute freedom of navigation of the seas-1.3 conditions- general peace, no fighting with other nations, League of Nations remains neutral3.Trying to eliminate high tariffs and trade barriers around the world4.Adequate gurantees given and taken1.You cannot have too many weapons/lessen weapon numbers2.Domestic safety-protectin against invasion5.A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims1.Can't pick sides between colonies2.Listening to both sides of the colonial opinions6.Evacuation of all Russian territories1.Evacuate German troops out of Russian territory2.Russia can decide what form of government they want without any interference (determine their own political set up)7.Belgium must be evacuated and restored1.German troops need to evacuate Belgium2.Belgium deserves to be independent like they were before the war8.All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored1.France has taken Germany's control of French territory2.France is allowed to recover Alsace Lorrqaine (region in NE France)9.All Italians are allowed to live in Italy and gain some land from Austria-Hungary10.People that live in Austria-Hungary should have self-determination11.Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored1.People of the Balkan states should be independent2.must evacuate the Central Powers of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania12.Turkish people should be governed by Turkish government, non Turkish people should govern themselves13.Poland should be independent and should have access to the sea14.League of Nations is created to make independence to all states14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.A document that blamed Germany for WWI, Allies wanted Central Powers to pay, so they put many restrictions on them. a peace settlement after WWI, signed in Versailles Palace near Paris June 28, 1919.Restrictions on Germany- Paying for Damages, Land decreases, Population deflation, Armed Forces Annihilation.German's reaction- allies enforced it, and would invade them, Germans wanted revenge.U.S. reaction- disgusted, some thought they were too nice and could be stricter- veterens- small group. U.S. didn't agree to it but set up Treaty of Berlin.Britain, France, U.S. and Italy.Had to pay 33 billion dollars.15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?Wilson was stuborn and ethnic groups in U.S. helped its defeat. League of Nations was a failure since the U.S. didn't join.16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?The Allies worked together well. The United States came in with fresh mans and supplies. The Germans had some mistakes. Germany could not ship and recieve goods because the Allies blocked the sea.17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.-Destroyed cities and changed the World: Financialy, military, navy, and Millions of people died. US military gained strength18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?Germany did not like the Treaty at all. They felt that they had no choice in signing it. Germans had to pay for the war. France thought it was too light. Wilson thought it was to harsh.Democratic President and Republican congress that didn't like it. No one would compromiseFinland, Lithuania, Poland,1. Roaring 20's2. A "return to normalcy"3. Red Scare4. Buying on credit5. Planes and automobiles6. Prohibition7. Republican presidents and philosophy-Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
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