Describe the cycle of the Great Depression?
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
1st deal-FDR saw that people were afraid to spend or invest money, he passed the Emergency Banking Act which was also known as the banking holiday, it closed banks until they were financially stable and then were reopened. The main part was to give Americans confidence in the banks. He started this program to help the great depression. Helped those without jobs. Top down, help businesses to help the people. FDR's solution to get out of the Great Depression
2nd deal-relied more on deficit spending, challenged the business community. Brought life to Progress of Administration which was a national relief agency. Started Social Security Act which established social security for the elderly poor and sick. Bottom up-help workers, they will make money so they can spend, help businesses.
3'Rs- Relief-wanted to give relief to its people, social security, people needed help, Reform-reforming the banks and businesses, stock markets, Recovery-recovery our economy, get back to how things should be,from the great depression. Goal of the New Deal.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
Public was split because supreme court was conflated with the constitution 2. Roosevelt's personal involvment
In his march 9 fireside caht he stated that the nation had reached a point where it needed to save the constitution from the supreme court.
Huey Long-thought it was too generous to corporate interest thoughts. Believed in communism. Charles Coughlin-considered Roosevelt a dictator and called new deal communist, catholic priest-radio guy.
Francis Townshed-doctor that saw what was happening to the old people. Pushed for helping the older people and critizised Roosevelt for not helping them.
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
Supreme Court PackingLegislative initative proposed by FDR-wanted to gain favor on new deal measures that had been struck down and declared unconstitutional. Ultimately failed due to adverse public...
provisions of the bill adhered to 4 principles-president can add 1 justice for each one that is over the age of 70 years 6 months, limitations on the # of judges the president could appoint: no more than 6 S.C.J and no more than 2 on any lower federal court, lower level judges be able to float around to other courts with busy or background dockets, lower courts be administered by S.C. through newly created proctors
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed-RFC-reconstruction finance corporation-helped banks/businesses back on their feet so the can hire people.CWA-Civil Works Adminsistration-to create jobs for millions of unemployed in 1933, created construction jobs mainly improving or constructing buildings and bridges. in 1 year the CWA cost the gov't $8 million and was cancelled. WPA-Works Progress Administration-was the largest & most comprehensive New Deal Agency created in 1935, make work program that provided jobs and income to unemployed, projects primarily employed untrained workers in constuction projects across the nation. Built 650,000 miles of roads, 78,000 bridges, 125,000 building & 7000 miles of airport runways, presented 225,000 concerts and produced almost 475,000 works of art, Federal Project No.1(Federal One) was developed to give artistic and professional work to the unemployed who qualified. It consisted of the Federal Art Project(FAP) Federal Music Project(FMP), Federal Theatre Project(FTP), the Federal Writers' Project(FWP) and the Historical Records Survey(HRS)
farmers-
factory workers/labor-NRA-National Recovery Association, blue eagle-says we do our part store owners were told to put a blue eagle in their window consumers were told to go to stores with a blue eagle in their windows they do it right to support workers. An administration to get rid of competition, specific codes with nation's major industries, maintaining employees and production. Suffered criticism from people-businesses didn't like gov't telling how much to pay employees or how much things should cost. Ended in may 1935 by the Supreme Court, NIRA-an act intending to let the President of the United States regulate industry and allow monoplies in an attemp to bring on an economic recovery. supported an alliance amoung industries, led to violence and strikes. Had problems, in 1935 declared unconstitutional.
young people-CCC-Civilian Conservation Corps-public relief program unemployed men 18-25, established in march 21,1933, volunteers planted 3 billion trees to help reforest America, constructed 800 parks, was successful, disbanded in 1942 because of war, 47 young men died while working.Ran by military. Most of the money they earned was sent back to their family. National Youth Administration(NYA)-give students who are high school and college graduates money to go to college. Helps them get jobs,did construction work, on spot job training. Established in June in 1935, was successful but as war continued the government stopped funding it & it was abolished in 1943, youth normally stayed at home and worked on construction or repair jobs.
banks/business-RFC-gave $2 billion to help the state and local governments, made loans to banks,railroads, mortage associations and other businesses(to hire people),repaid loans. Helped get banks back on their feet, gave $1.8 billion to munitions factories before WWII, merged to the Department of Treasury in 1953. Emergency Bank Relief(Bank Holiday) (EBRA)-They would close and then open when the were inspected and could open-period of 3 days. On March 3, 1933 all banks were closed untill they were inspected, first bank opened on March 13, wasn't an act more of a holiday. SEC
home owners-
elderly-
Native Americans-
Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms
Hundred Days-1st 100 days of FDR's presidency-FDR promised to do a lot of things in his 1st 100 days to help the economy. Every president is graded on his 1st 100 days of their presidency.
fireside chats-radios provided intertainment like sports, people believed the president was talking to them. Keeps the people informed about whats going on. FDR chatting on the radio.
priming the pump-when people didn't have water fountains they had to go out and pump their water and gas, to get the fuel threw the system. To get the economy going we have to spend money.
deficit spending-FDR believed that in order to get the economy going he had to spend money. It is where you spend more money than you take in.
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