8, 1933. Under control of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
Cost over $200 million a month to pay for all of the supplies and workers. The
budget was only $400 million, and the CWA had to be disbanded after spending
over a billion dollars in a five month period. Many politicians greatly
criticized and opposed the CWA
farmers- A bit of the RFC aided the farmers. Farming organizations were granted
loans from the RFC. These loans were exected to be off in the years to come,
because the loans were given out in the hopes that once the organizations could
get back on their feet, they would be able to pay the loans off, and then some
to help the government and society in the future.
factory workers/labor- The NLRA established minimum wage and maximum work
hours, NLRB was established it determined if the workers were being treated
fair, better training and standard procedures for different work areas.
young people- NYA is the National Youth Administration. The NYA was a New Deal
administration that focused on young people. It gave them jobs. It operated
from 1935 to 1943. It targeted young men and women alike to get jobs and go to
school and to seek a higher education. The program gave financial aide to
people who needed it to get a higher education. The NYA offered kids jobs at
the colleges that they would attend that would allow them to work for pay to
help out the family and pay for college while also getting an education.
Some people did not like this organization because of the use of the taxpayers
dollars to pay for all of these people going to school. Some felt that t had no
effect, but over 2.5 million students were enrolled in the program.
banks/business- The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was basically a
bailout to businesses, banks, railroads, farm associations, and others. All of
these industries were given loans that would hopefully be repaid in full, and
would eventually be able to do more for the government when they get back on
top.
The FSA was the first federal attempt to regulate stocks. Before this legislation, stocks were only regulated by laws pertaining to each state. The FSA required investors to receive information on what's being offered, prohibited fraud in stock sales, and stocks had to be registered to the Stock Exchange Commission.
The FDIC was another organization that provided insurance coverage for banks. The insurance for these banks would nearly guarantee that banks would be financially stable. If a bank should somehow fail, the FDIC insures them 100,000 dollars per account. Not only did this give banks relief, it also made the general public feel that their money would be safe with the banks. Banks received more customers because of the FDIC than ever before.
home owners- The USHA gave over 650,000 jobs to low income people. These jobs
were contruction projects for apartment complexes for the poor. It was a good
program that basically paid for itself. The USHA led to the PWA. Over 22,000
housing units were built for low income families and the poor, have of which
was to be reserved for blacks. The whites did not like this and racial
segregation was strung back up. This led to blacks forming their own
communities which led to ghettos.
Elderly- Social Security Administration- Created by Roosevelt
on August 14, 1935. It is a
tax taken out on your income that goes into your personal account and when you
retire, you can claim that money that is being put into your account. Taxes
were taken on October 14, 1936.
They covered disease survivors as in veterans, old age, and the disabled. Obviously the program is still around today.
In the 1930's, our country, as well as the rest of the world was plagued by the Great Depression that ensued after the Stock Market Crash of 1929. This Depression forever changed the world as people knew it. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal. The New Deal was a very large series of acts and attempts to try and get America back on its feet. The New Deal’s main function was designed to get money back into the economy and millions of people back into the workplace.
Roosevelt wanted something big to really get the New Deal going. He came up with the idea for a new organization that could do what the government couldn’t. He asked Congress to create “a corporation clothed with the power of government but possessed of the flexibility and initiative of a private enterprise.” On May 18, 1933, Congress passed the TVA Act. TVA stands for Tennessee Valley Authority.
The name of the act was based on the Tennessee Valley where the land and people of the land were in very desperate need of assistance. The valley had been stripped away of most of its forests, the land was nearly depleted of its nutrients due to aggressive, over farming, and farmers were faring very poorly from lack of sufficient crop yields.
The TVA immediately set to work to aid this region. The TVA was equipped with a wide range off intellectuals and doers who were able to take in many situations and problems and find a solution to them that would work quickly in the present, and continue to work for years and years to come. This far-sighted approach to the work is one of the reasons why the TVA is still a large and prosperous organization to this day.
For the problems in the Tennessee Valley, the TVA conservation team (though I don’t think that’s what it was called back then but that is just what I am going to call it because it’s basically what they were) produced new and safer fertilizers and helped the farmers produce better crop yield without decimating the land. The forests were being rebuilt as thousands and thousands of new trees were planted and the wildlife and fish habitats were renewed and improved.
Dams and other electricity producing plants were also built in the valley and surrounding region which improved the lives of the residents and farmers, and brought many new jobs into the area.
In the 1940’s, during World War II, metal factories and industries needed to produce sufficient metal for bombs, weapons, planes, and other instruments of war at a very fast rate. The TVA supplied enough electricity for these plants to build for the war. The TVA built 12 new hydroelectric plants and a steam plant to meet demands. The employment for all of these plants was at least 28,000.
Native Americans- The IRA helped Native American Indians who were poor,
discriminated against, and could not find work or schooling. The IRA gave back
some of the land that we took from them. This act restated the Dawes Act and
broke up land and gave it to individual tribes. Land of the Indians went from
138 million square acres in 1887 to only 48 million square acres, even though
this act was made to help the Indians, many tribes such as the Crows, Klamath,
and the Navajo chose to reject it. 174 accepted the act and 78 rejected it, the
government had a great influence in the IRA.
Hundred Days- During the first 100 days was FDR's promise to do as much as he could to help the country and then report to the country on how he and the country were doing. He would do this through his fireside chats. These were radio broadcasts given by Roosevelt himself that would give the citizens of the country an idea of how the rest of the country was doing.
fireside chats- Fireside chats were informal monthly addresses that FDR gave
from the start of his term until the end of his term. He also had weekly
addresses that were brief compared to the fireside chats. The purpose of these
chats was to gain the attention of Americans, and to inform them what was going
on, and how the rest of the country was rebuilding itself.
The fireside chats had a large impact on the nation. He gained many followers
as Roosevelt told people to have faith and to stay
positive. He gave them an incentive to have hope and to do their part to
further help the country.
2. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of WWII.
-Pearl Harbor- In July of 1941, the world was engulfed in turmoil that differed greatly with the calm that the mid-summer days would suggest. World War 2 was well into its wide campaign. The Japanese government, in particular was not fairing to well. Officials in the Japanese government were trying to decide how to handle the situation with China and the United States of America.
Japan had invaded China for expansion purposes. Japan’s trade was suffering due to embargos and high tariffs that the US had enacted on imported goods. The US had also ceased trade with Japan because the small country had invaded their much larger neighbors to the west, China. Japan wanted to expand, gain resources, and establish their power in the world. Japan invaded China not through sheer numbers and military size, but through highly trained troops and unrivaled tactical enforcement.
The small island of Japan relied heavily on the trade of their goods. The vast number of people and lack of space make the country a poor agricultural and resource dependent country. In order to survive, Japan needed to be able to trade goods to be able to receive food and other goods. One of Japan’s biggest trading partners was the US, until the US ceased trade with Japan.
Japan tried to make negotiations with the US, but could gain no leverage unless they pulled out of China. This was something that Japan would not submit to. The US cut off nearly all of Japan’s oil supplies and many other supplied goods necessary for war.
Japan felt that the only option left would be to go on the offensive in terms of dealing with America. This was an underestimation of power that Japan has never repeated since. On November 29, 1941, the Japanese government sent the green light to go to war.
Japan wanted to control the natural resources in Malaysia and the East Indies.
These territories were Dutch and British colonies, but Japan had no fear of the larger countries because they were already occupied by the war in Europe. This area was also occupied by the Philippines which were an American commonwealth. The Japanese military planned to attack the Philippines so that the Americans could not possibly try to attack from those islands.
Another American site was also chosen for initial attack. Japan new that America’s Naval Fleet was strong, but they also believed the Army was weak. Japan needed to choose a target that would cripple the naval fleet so that the US would have no hope for retaliation. When the attack was accomplished, Japan could take the territory that they wanted and would defend the area with their Navy.
The commanders of the Japanese military believed that the United States of America was weak and would beg for peace when they saw what Japan did. The only other incident
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