Monday-
Christina came
Tuesday-
Presentations
Wednesday-
Thursday-
Friday-
Ch. 5.3:
Populist-
- Helped farmers out of debt
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
- Farmers lose money because of economy
- Greenbacks
- Farmers were in a lot of debt
- Railroads shipped many farmers grain
Farmers Alliance-
- Group of people and farmers
- Known as the "Grange"
- Spent most of the time fighting the railroads
Rise and Fall in Populism-
- Started in Omaha, NE
- Take debt from farmers and other workers
- Raise in money supply
- Single term for vice president
- Populist presidential candidate won more than 10%
- Farmers over extended by debts and loans
- Railroad construction expanded faster than markets
- Panic= depression
Populist Movement-
- Help farmers out of debt- against railroads
- Give people a greater voice in government- fighting back against the rich white male
- Increase money supply in circulation
- Graduated income tax-
- 8 hour work day
Silver or Gold-
- 2 groups- gold bugs-richer people, silverites- lower/middle class
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
Ch. 6.1:
Oil filled the revolution. Steel build the revolution
Mesabi Range-
- One of the largest iron ore
- Discovered in 1866
- Chief of deposit of iron
- Three miles long, two miles wide, 535 ft deep
Bessemer Process-
- First industrial process for mass-production of steel from molten pig iron
- 20 ft high
- Iron- Natural resource- heat it up, creating steel from that iron
Urban Population-
- Paid workers minimum wage
- Replace the workers easily
- Cities so big, people needed jobs
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
- Helped with transportation and field the industrial revolution
- Immigration
- Natural Resources
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
- Typewriter- Invented in 1876 by Christopher Sholes- Job opportunities increase
- Telephone- Alexander Graham Bell- March 10, 1876; when it worked for the first time- Job increase
- Government Support- Government didn't bother businesses/Laissez faire
Black Gold-
- Found in 1859
- Steam Engine Drill
- Oil to Kerosene
Uses For Steel-
- Railroads, barbed wire, farming machines, construction
- Made from Iron ore
- John Deere created plows and farm equipment
- Brooklyn Bridge-created in 1883, called the Wonder of the World
- Flatiron Building- New York City, 1902
Ch. 6.2:
Granger laws- state laws- kept railroad rates fair
1887- Interstate Commerce Act- regulated railroad prices, federal
Towns and Markets Connected-
- Linking populations together
- Railroads promoted trade
- Grain industries in Chicago, IL
Pullman Industry-
Manufactured sleepers, Brick houses, one window apartments, Much controlling company, Didn't lower rent, employees pay decreased, Violent end- 1894
Credit Mobilier-
Pullman created industry, 1864, owned Union Pacific 23 million dollars in stock, over charging and stealing a lot of money to build railroads
Interstate Commerce Act-
- States can't set rates
- Ruled that states cannot set rates on interstate commerce
- ICC Commission- railroads weren't getting away with anything- railroads got away with a lot because of the long legal process and resistance from the railroads
Railroad Abuses-
- Government land grant
- Fixed prices for different customers- weren't able to go anywhere else for trading
- Fixed Prices- When companies within an industry all agree to charge the same price for a given service rather than competing to offer lower price
- Monopolized all hauls long and shirt
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
- Reliable local transit
- Helped make Westward expansion possible for business
- 1890- 180,000 miles of railroad
- More jobs
- Help economy
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
- Workers had harsh lives
- 1888- 20,000 employees were injured
- Accidents and diseases of working caused thousands of deaths each year
- Were attacked by Indians while laying tracks
- Central Pacific- hired Chinese Immigrants
- Union Pacific- hired Civil War Vets
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
- Created to protect the farmers from railroad monopolies
- Supreme court overruled-
- Organization in the US that encourages families to work together to promote the economic and political well-being of farmers
- Started after the Civil War
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
- Came to america in 1848 at age 12.
- Very successful
- 1873- entered steel business
- 1899- Manufactured more steel than any others in Great Britain.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
- Established oil company
- Used trust to gain total control of oil industry
- Gave employees low wages
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
- Darwinism- The intelligent people will be successful. The less intelligent will suffer- Strong survive, weak die out
- Social- Takes the idea into businesses
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
- Vertical and Horizontal Integration- Horizontal: companies would buy out other companies and expand to their company. Vertical- Business was "booming" they could control the whole business by themselves
- Trusts- Smaller company wants to join bigger companies- Joining under 1 name
- Test; Trust: Monopoly:
-How did the government try to regulate business?
- Sherman Trust Act- Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
- workers fighting back against companies
- Fight against child labor laws, minimum wage
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
- Yes and no
- No- Went on strike, fighting back on government
- WWII- Minimum wage
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