Today we started our presentations!
Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture. war was a big deal with the young men. Buffalo was very important to them! War was very common because Native American Tribes. The environment was very important to them. And they respected it, they also couldn't get the concept of buying land because they thought the land was every bodies land. They hunted, gathered, fishers, nomads, farmers, medicine men.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains? Because we were trying to move them off of their land. We thought we had the right to just go wherever we wanted and kick them off their land. They didn't agree with that so that is when the series of wars started! Most of the time we were the bad guy in this situation.
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies? They just killed them off. We went to war against them! Ending with the battle of wounded knee.
-Describe a cowboy's life. Cattle industry. There was a drought in 1883 that pretty much killed all the cattle and then the demand for beef started falling. Cowboys were always looked at as being white. They worked 10-14 hours a day. They pretty much all did cattle driving. It wasted a lot of time because it was never short distances it was across the country. When they would take them it would be like 12 men and 2,000 cattle.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? the homestead act is an act made by the government to make people move west. The homestead act was suppose to help families that wanted to spread out. They would become farmers. in 1890 the government declared the borders were closed. there were some problems in the plains. The women worked with cleaning, or doctoring and taking care of the kids. The women out west had to do more work than the women out east because there was more farming to do so they also helped with that.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? Drought
and the Native American steeling their cattle and horses.
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? long hours, and they hated railroads
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? populist were farmers, factory workers, basically people that weren't rich. It helped farmers out of debt. It gave people a greater voice in government. The farmers needed the railroads to transfer stuff to make money but the railroads charged so much so they really didn't make that much. Graduated income tax. federal loan program. direct elections of senators is allowing people of the state to choice their senators. Single terms of president/v.p. Secret ballot. 8 hour work day. Restrictions on immigrations they hatted immigrations because they were taking the jobs and they kept the pay low. The populist were all about helping the common people out.
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? it increased people getting work. More jobs.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives? Some inventions are water wheel, steam engine, typewriter, telegraph, and the incandescent light bulb.
Ch. 6.2:
-What helped the industrial revolution to take place? Tons of natural resources, government helped business, cities were growing, immigrants provided cheap labor, growing population provided markets for manufactured goods, oil boom, Bessemer process- cheap way to make steel
-What impact did railroads have on the US? it made our country much closer together.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads? Farmers didn’t like the railroads because the company’s sold the railroads to business people instead of settlement.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads? They made laws to protect the railroads. The grange were trying to help the farmers fight back against the railroads. They tried to make the railroads more fair to the farmers.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie. Immigrated to the country in 1848. He became the secretary to the super intendant to the railroads. The name of his company was Carnegie steal.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. he owned the standard oil company which was a very big monolpy. He joined with competing companies. He had people high up in power that would make decisions that would benefit his company. He was always rich.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business? Survival of the fittest. That meant the bigger business were aloud to take over.
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). They developed a business that would become a large on that would eventually kill off all the other small business.
-How did the government try to regulate business? They made a antitrust law which is meant to prevent monopolies.
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose? A labor union is a group of people working together in the same field coming together to get better conditions. The workers could be anybody. The pay was horrible. Violence happened a lot and machines sometimes would hurt people or even kids.
-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples. Yes! We have labor union laws that make work more fair even today. For example the average work hours a day are 8 hours and 40 hours a week. It used to be 10-14 hours a day. why did factory workers prefer kids rather than adults? because they can work better sometimes, there aren't going to complain, and there not going to join labor unions.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? to have a better life and live the American dream.
Where did immigrants come from? all over the world
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? The health conditions on the ships were horrible! and once they got there there was a lot of hatred towards them!
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions? Because they didn't want them in their country. The page act was an act that banned standardized citizenship 1885. The exclusion act was an act that banned all Chinese immigration 1888.
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? because of immigration, farming,
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population? a lot of crime, there was sewage all over the street.
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? they tried to clean up all the sewage. They started making settlement houses.
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? Gilded- to be covered with gold. US looked good on the outside but we also had lots of problems.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. offered services to people. the mayor in the town was created. immigrants had chances to grow. it was the start of the local government. they collected more loyal voters. they make sure everything is going okay in the town. bribe people into voting for them.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
Boss Tweed- boss of democratic political machine in NYC. third largest landowner and he was a major loader in the democratic party. He was convicted of stealing 20-45 million dollars from New York city taxpayers through political corruption in 1877. He payed people off so that he was free from the crimes he committed.
What caused all this corruption in government? dishonest people
What laws came about to reform government? Merritt System- took a test to decide who was more ready for a job. our president now can refer people which who we knows but they have to be okay'd by the senate.
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended? Literacy test- not many could read/write. Poll tax- you had to pay Grandfather clause- your grandfather could vote, so could you. Jim Crow Laws- white movie theater/black, water fountains. Plessy V. Ferguson- Jim Crow Laws were ruled constitutional.. separate but equal.
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson. Blacks were able to make things equal. Blacks had different schools than whites, but later they made sure that they at least offered the same thing. They still couldn't go together, but they tried to make things fair and equal for both whites and blacks.
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