We are starting our presentations.
Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture. Buffalo's were extremely important in the Native Americans lives.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains? The moved there for more land.
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies? In 2834 the gov't said the Great Plains belonged to the Native Americans. But in the 1850's, they said that each tribe had their own boundaries. Dawes Act - attempt to "Americanize" NA's by splitting up their reservation.160 acres for each head of family, 80 acres to each unmarried adult. Sold what was left over the the settlers. Money from that was supposed to go to the Native Americans by 1932 they had put aside 2/3 the land.
-Describe a cowboy's life. The cattle industry began when Native Americans were force to reservations. the cattle industry feel during a drought in 1883, the demand for beef fell. Americans learned how to take care of the cattle from Mexicans. Most cowboys were African Americans and Mexicans. Cowboys usually worked for 100-14 hours a day on a ranch and about 15 more on the trail. He might own his own saddle, but his trail horse usually belonged to his boss. The romanticized America cowboy of myth rode the open range, herding, cattle, and fighting villains While, the real-life cowboy was doing non stop work. Cattle driving is one of the most famous occupations for a cowboy. Cattle driving could last 3 months. A 12 man crew could manage a herd of 2,000 to 3,000 cattle.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? The Homestead act gave 160 acres of land to each Native American family and the railroads helped move people move out there. It was made in 1862, 1890 government declared closed borders.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? Extreme hardships, dugouts and "soddies", women worked just as much as men did because the husbands needed help, machinery was very expensive but very useful (steel plow), farmer debt, bonanza farms 1500 square acres they were only focused on one crop.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Debt and if their one and only crop failed they didn't have money.
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Railroads
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? They helped farmer out of debt, Gave people a greater voice in government, Increase money supply in circulation, graduated income tax, Federal loan program to help buy farms, Direct election of Senators which let the people choose the Senators., Single terms for president/v.p., Secret ballot means you don't tell anyone who you voted for, they reduced working hours to 8 hours a day, the didn't like immigrants because they kept taking the jobs leaving others out of work.
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? 1760-1840, most things today were evolved from the industrial revolutions. There was an increase in people who could work and there were more factories being built. Downsides were that they made children work. Inventions included, the water wheel, steam engine, typewriter, telegraph
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives? Water wheel, steam engine, typewriter, telegraph,
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US? 1753 First railroad in the colonies. Brought profound political, economic, and social change. Transcontinental Railroad Central Pacific, Union Pacific Railroads, Promontory, Utah: May 10th 1896. Farmers no likey railroads.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads? They didn't think it was fair
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads? They tried to reduce railroad use. The interstate commerce act allowed the US Government to supervise railroads, set up interstate commerce commission to carry out law, failed to help farmers at first. Teddy Roosevelt enforces these laws.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie. Came to America from Scotland in 1848, Became private secretary to the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Opened Steel Company with stock money and they made more steel than all of Great Britain. Now known as US Steel. Gave much money to charity - Carnegie Hall
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. He was the owner of standard oil. Standard Oil was a very large monopoly because he had many mergers and had control over many companies. He gained total control of the oil industry in America. He joined many other companies to take control. Gave much money to charity - Rockefeller Plaza.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). They got rid of competition so they could have control over all business. big businesses controlled everything.
-How did the government try to regulate business? Sherman Antitrust Act - Break up Monopolies (Standard Oil)
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose? Workers from related fields who have come together to protect and further their rights and interest. Issues were violence occurred in several incident/pay, child labor, to have a strike, you have to have a union. Wild Chest-to pay workers on strike. Grievance-coming to agreement instead of going on strike.
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples. At first they were not successful in achieving their goals.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? They came to escape famine, and shortages, religion, "birds of passage." industrial boom, the annexation of Hawaii brought Chinese immigrants.
Where did immigrants come from? Europeans, Chinese, Japanese, first was West and North then 1890 South and East Europe.
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? Long trip Europe to east - 1 week, China to west - 3 weeks. there were very unhealthy living conditions. If you had any diseases they would send you back.
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions? When Chinese people came over they took much of our riches and gold during he gold rush.
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? Immigrants came over from other countries.
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population? Sanitation, transportation, crime, housing,
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? They made settlement houses to give people who couldn't afford homes a place to live.
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? It offered services to the people position of a mayor in a town was created, Immigrants had chances to grow, It was the stat of local government, They collected more loyal voters.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. The third larges landowner and he was a major leader in the democratic party. He took the tax payers money (so he pretty much shaped government today), He was convicted of stealing 25-45 million dollars from New York city taxpayers through political corruption in 1877.
What caused all this corruption in government? Election fraud used for votes, bribes, persuasion of the people for votes, taking money from taxpayers,
What laws came about to reform government?
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended? Literacy test, if you didn't pass this test you couldn't vote, Poll tax, Grandfather clause if your grandfather could vote you could vote, Jim Crow Laws allowed segregation in the south
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson. Separate but Equal. It was taken to court to see if the Jim Crow laws were constitutional, which they ruled were.
We are reviewing for tomorrows test. :p
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