Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture.
Nature and animals are of great importance to Native Americans. They lived in Harmony with nature, and they believed that nobody owned the land. Originally came to America over the Bering Strait land bridge. A major part of their culture was warring against enemy tribes.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
Homestead Act of 1862
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's?
Most of the time the government would fight wars with the Native Americans. Two major battles were Wounded Knee (1890), and the Battle of Little Bighorn.
-What were their policies?
If Native Americans lived on land that the US wanted they needed to leave or war would break out. Dawes Act was a police for Native Americans, that gave them 160 acres for every family and an additional 80 acres for every unmarried adults.
-Describe a cowboy's life.
Cowboys were the people that went on the cattle drives in the American Southwest. They had to work from sunrise to sunset, and they had to watch out for Native American attacks and predatory animals. Becoming a cowboy was a way to make a lot of money. They had to move the cattle because the South was lacking in railroads.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
The Homestead Act of 1862 is the exact same as the Dawes Act, but it was for American citizens. You had to live on the land for at least 5 years, and you had to build a 10x12 place of residence.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
There were very few trees on the Great Plains, so they had to make their houses out of sod. the Great Plains were also a very dusty place and tornadoes were numerous. Winters were harsh and summers were hot. There were also a lot of droughts, floods, fires, and locust swarms. Farmers also suffered from debt. There were many Native American fights too.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
There were no fences and all cattle were able to roam free, so people started to fight each other over whose cattle was whose. Most fights took place between farmers and cowboys. The long drives caused a boom in the cattle industry, but soon after railroad cars were used.
Ch. 5.3:
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
The Populists were a group of people that was mostly made up of farmers and factory workers. They believed that anybody can do anything that they want to do. They were trying to fight the rich people in the US at that time, they thought that they were being mistreated.
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
MY TOPIC
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
MY TOPIC
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
The railroads helped to settle the western United States and move goods from one end of the country to the other. They also helped industrialize the United States, Most towns/cities west of the Mississippi River originated along railroad lines. Railroads also pushed for the simplification of the time zones.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
Railroad workers were not treated very well and were paid next to nothing. Farmers disliked the railroads because they misused their grants and they were forced by the railroads to pay higher prices to transport their goods.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Interstate Commerce Act 1877 was designed to regulate the railroads but they really did not get the power to do this until 1906. Grangers were part of the farmer alliance, they helped out farmers in the fight against railroads.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
His family started out very poor, worked hard labor at a young age for a meager wage. Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant He formed the Carnegie Steel Corporation. Later in life he tried to make a deal with John Morgan to buy out all of the smaller steel companies. He eventually sold his business to John Morgan who formed the US Steel Corporation.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
Owner of the Standard Oil Company, would be worth $600 billion today, making him the richest person in world history. Liked to cheat other people out of their money and try to get discounts for the resources he needed. He was a very respected person.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
Social Darwinism is considered the phrase "survival of the fittest". Bigger businesses used it to justify buying out smaller businesses.
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
Monopolies are companies that control their part of the market, they usually command high prices for their products. Most Monopolies have been broken up and today there are not any. vertical integration is when you buy out all of the resources and transportation, and horizontal integration is when you buy out all of the other companies that you are having to share the market with.
-How did the government try to regulate business?
They promote competition and tried to form committees to break up all monopolies, these committees were sometimes known as anti-trusts.
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
Labor Unions are organizations formed to stop horrible working conditions and small wages. All labor unions were made up of workers. The most common form of labor union opposition are strikes. Most strikes struggled or ended in disaster.
-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
No, most ended in disaster for the labor union. Many workers lost their jobs if they were part of a strike, usually they were replaced by immigrants.
Ch. 7.1:
-Why did immigrants come to the US?
Immigrants came to the US to try have a better life. They also came to the United States to find jobs, better living conditions, and/or to escape religious or racial persecution.
-Where did immigrants come from?
Immigrants mostly came from European countries and Asian Countries, but they came from other parts of the world too.
-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
The trips were long and crowded. Sanitation was not very good, and many people caught diseases.
-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
People wanted to restrict immigration because they did not appreciate them taking jobs and keeping wages low. They also did not like the immigrants because they were causing the cities to grow almost too fast.
Ch. 7.2
-Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Immigration into the United States in the late 1800's and early 1900's caused many cities to double or even triple in size.
-What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
Cities faced sewage/filth problems, problems with diseases, and overcrowded neighborhoods. Transportation and housing were also lacking in most cities leading to even more problems.
-What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
They tried to fix the problems either on their own or by forming small groups to help out. Some people also exposed the horrible living conditions in the slums of cities to the rich.
Ch. 7.3
-What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
The political machine was an organization of people that would try to get as many members of their organization into the government, most used corrupt ways to do so. Chicago and New York City had some of the most corrupt political machines.
-Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
Boss Tweed was the leader of the Democratic Political Machine known as Tammany Hall. He was very wealthy and corrupt, he hired and fired the police force, overcharged the city, and made sure that his political partners were elected.
-What caused all this corruption in government?
Dishonest people and greed was what usually led to corruption in the government. The spoils system is a good example of corruption in the government.
-What laws came about to reform government?
The Pendleton Civil Service Act required people to take a test before they were elected to the government.
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
Most major cities in the South segregated the African American population. Most Southern states also had their own laws and restrictions known as black codes. There were also many groups that restricted the rights of African Americans even after Reconstruction.
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
This Supreme Court case enforced segregation as the law of the land at that time, leading to the phrase "separate but equal". The Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education overturned the Pless v. Ferguson case, leading to the end of segregation in the United States.
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