September 25th-September 29th

Monday-Allies of Athens were located around the coast(had a good Navy) 

Pericles Plan to Win

  • avoid land battle and wait to attack Sparta from the sea and build walls protecting city and port

Rise of the Philosophers=lovers of wisdom

  • A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
  • after losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people of Athens turned to philosophers for answers
  • Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Socrates(470-399 BC)

  • Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece
  • Socrates taught by asking questions/honor and integrity not wealth and power.
  • This method of questioning is still called Socratic method
  • Put on trial and found guilty for"corrupting the youth of Athens"
    • put to death-hemlock=poison
  • "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance"

Plato(427-347 BC)

  • Plato was a student of Socrates
  • He started a school called the Academy that lasted 900 years
  • Wrote the Republic
    • The book talked about a perfectly governed society-not democracy
    • In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
    • The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king.

Aristotle(384-322 BC)

  • Aristotle was a student of Plato
  • He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government etc.
  • Taught Alexander the Great
  • "He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of the them."

The Story of Ancient Greece(2000 -300 BC)

Colossus of Rhodes

  • Statue of Helios, Greek Titan god
  • Was made of Bronz
  • Same size as Statue of Liberty
  • One of the 7 wonders of the Ancient
  • Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake
  • Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invaders

Temple/Statue of Artemis

  • Built around 800 BC
  • Artemis is the Greek Goddesss of Fertility
  • The temple was destroyed several times due to wars
  • Current day archaeologists have found the foundations of 5 temples built on top of each other.

The Statue of Zeus at Olympia

  • Built around 450 BC
  • The statue was made of marble and Gold
  • eventually destroyed after being taken apart and moved

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

  • Built around 353 BC
  • tomb was built by Queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband/brother King Mausolus 
  • Destroyed by earthquakes in the 100-1400's AD
  • All that remains today are the foundation blocks

Lighthouse of Alexandria

  • The lighthouse was built in 280 BC
  • It was the worlds first lighthouse(reflected sunlight by day and fire by night)
  • Most likely destroyed by earthquakes from 956-1325 AD
  • Remains were found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1994
  • Egypt is building an underwater museum for tourists

Tuesday-

Peninsula-a peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on the majority of its border, while being connected to a mainland from which it extends.

Minoan-a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete (2000-1400 BC)

Mycenaean-an Indo-European person who settled on Greek mainland around 2000 BC

Trojan war-army lead by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy

Dorian-people that migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization

Homer-great story teller who was blind

Epic-narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds

Myth-traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes

Geography of Greece

  • Greece is a small country in Europe
  • The main part of Greece in on a peninsula
  • Greece is surrounded by what three large bodies of water?Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and lonian Sea
  • The rest of Greece is made p of islands
    • 6000(227 being inhabited)

Importance of Geography to Greece

  • The Sea was extremely important to the Greeks  so that they had protection and they cold fish, and they cold trade with others
    • Did not live"on the land" but "around the sea"
    • Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the Sea
    • used the sea as means of transportation
    • The sea linked all parts of Greece to other areas for trade which was essential due to lack of resources.
    • Mountains covered 3/4 of ancient Greece

Mount Olympus- Home of the 12 Olympian Greek gods

  • Zeus
    • king of the gods, sky, thunder
  • Hera
    • women, marriage
  • Demeter
    • harvest, agriculture
  • Poseidon
    • sea
  • Athena
    • wisdom, courage etc.
  • Apollo
    • music, poetry, healing
  • Artemis
    • the hunt, wild animals, childbirth
  • Aphrodite
    • love beauty, pleasure
  • Ares
    • war
  • Hermes
    • transitions and boundaries
  • Hephaestus
    • blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans
  • Hestia
    • hearth, home, domesticity, family
  • Dionysus
    • vine, grape harvest, wine making, wine

  • Due to the mountains, transportation over land was difficult
  • Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture
  • due to these issues, ancient Greece never had a large population- no more than a few million
  • These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand

Greek city-states

  • Due to Greece's geography, city-states developed instead of a unified country
  • What is a city-state?
    • some where ruled by kings, others were ruled by small group of noble, landowning families, and others by a few powerful people

Ancient Olympics

  • Records of Olympics date to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them
  • Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to five days
  • happened every four years(Olympiad)
  • started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin
  • the modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896(Athens)

Ancient Olympics

  • The big competition at the games was the Pentathlon(Pente-5)(Athlon-competition)
    • long jump
    • javelin
    • dicus
    • stadion-200 yards
    • wrestling

Climate

  • What does Greece average temp. tell you about how they might have lived?-it was nice so they did a lot of stuff outside.

Minoan Civilization

  • 2000-1500 BC
  • Heavy influenced by the Egyptians and Mesopotamian civilizations
  • named after legendary Crete king Minos of Greek mythology
  • known for its trade on the seas
  • due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful

Wednesday-No school

Thursday-

Minoans

  • Known for its advanced cities-Knossus
    • not over crowded, plumbing, toilets sewers
  • known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations
  • known for their art and pottery

Downfall of the minoans

  • around 1500 BC the Minoan civilization ended abruptly
  • historians think it could have been an earthquake which could level cities and their ships
  • they could have been ran by the Myceneans
  • Some historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis

Friday-watch video

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