Monday-Allies of Athens were located around the coast(had a good Navy)
Pericles Plan to Win
- avoid land battle and wait to attack Sparta from the sea and build walls protecting city and port
Rise of the Philosophers=lovers of wisdom
- A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
- after losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people of Athens turned to philosophers for answers
- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Socrates(470-399 BC)
- Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece
- Socrates taught by asking questions/honor and integrity not wealth and power.
- This method of questioning is still called Socratic method
- Put on trial and found guilty for"corrupting the youth of Athens"
- put to death-hemlock=poison
- "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance"
Plato(427-347 BC)
- Plato was a student of Socrates
- He started a school called the Academy that lasted 900 years
- Wrote the Republic
- The book talked about a perfectly governed society-not democracy
- In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
- The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king.
Aristotle(384-322 BC)
- Aristotle was a student of Plato
- He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government etc.
- Taught Alexander the Great
- "He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of the them."
The Story of Ancient Greece(2000 -300 BC)
Colossus of Rhodes
- Statue of Helios, Greek Titan god
- Was made of Bronz
- Same size as Statue of Liberty
- One of the 7 wonders of the Ancient
- Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake
- Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invaders
Temple/Statue of Artemis
- Built around 800 BC
- Artemis is the Greek Goddesss of Fertility
- The temple was destroyed several times due to wars
- Current day archaeologists have found the foundations of 5 temples built on top of each other.
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
- Built around 450 BC
- The statue was made of marble and Gold
- eventually destroyed after being taken apart and moved
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
- Built around 353 BC
- tomb was built by Queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband/brother King Mausolus
- Destroyed by earthquakes in the 100-1400's AD
- All that remains today are the foundation blocks
Lighthouse of Alexandria
- The lighthouse was built in 280 BC
- It was the worlds first lighthouse(reflected sunlight by day and fire by night)
- Most likely destroyed by earthquakes from 956-1325 AD
- Remains were found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1994
- Egypt is building an underwater museum for tourists
Tuesday-
Peninsula-a peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on the majority of its border, while being connected to a mainland from which it extends.
Minoan-a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete (2000-1400 BC)
Mycenaean-an Indo-European person who settled on Greek mainland around 2000 BC
Trojan war-army lead by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy
Dorian-people that migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization
Homer-great story teller who was blind
Epic-narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
Myth-traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes
Geography of Greece
- Greece is a small country in Europe
- The main part of Greece in on a peninsula
- Greece is surrounded by what three large bodies of water?Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and lonian Sea
- The rest of Greece is made p of islands
- 6000(227 being inhabited)
Importance of Geography to Greece
- The Sea was extremely important to the Greeks so that they had protection and they cold fish, and they cold trade with others
- Did not live"on the land" but "around the sea"
- Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the Sea
- used the sea as means of transportation
- The sea linked all parts of Greece to other areas for trade which was essential due to lack of resources.
- Mountains covered 3/4 of ancient Greece
Mount Olympus- Home of the 12 Olympian Greek gods
- Zeus
- king of the gods, sky, thunder
- Hera
- women, marriage
- Demeter
- harvest, agriculture
- Poseidon
- sea
- Athena
- wisdom, courage etc.
- Apollo
- music, poetry, healing
- Artemis
- the hunt, wild animals, childbirth
- Aphrodite
- love beauty, pleasure
- Ares
- war
- Hermes
- transitions and boundaries
- Hephaestus
- blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans
- Hestia
- hearth, home, domesticity, family
- Dionysus
- vine, grape harvest, wine making, wine
- Due to the mountains, transportation over land was difficult
- Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture
- due to these issues, ancient Greece never had a large population- no more than a few million
- These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand
Greek city-states
- Due to Greece's geography, city-states developed instead of a unified country
- What is a city-state?
- some where ruled by kings, others were ruled by small group of noble, landowning families, and others by a few powerful people
Ancient Olympics
- Records of Olympics date to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them
- Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to five days
- happened every four years(Olympiad)
- started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin
- the modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896(Athens)
Ancient Olympics
- The big competition at the games was the Pentathlon(Pente-5)(Athlon-competition)
- long jump
- javelin
- dicus
- stadion-200 yards
- wrestling
Climate
- What does Greece average temp. tell you about how they might have lived?-it was nice so they did a lot of stuff outside.
Minoan Civilization
- 2000-1500 BC
- Heavy influenced by the Egyptians and Mesopotamian civilizations
- named after legendary Crete king Minos of Greek mythology
- known for its trade on the seas
- due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful
Wednesday-No school
Thursday-
Minoans
- Known for its advanced cities-Knossus
- not over crowded, plumbing, toilets sewers
- known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations
- known for their art and pottery
Downfall of the minoans
- around 1500 BC the Minoan civilization ended abruptly
- historians think it could have been an earthquake which could level cities and their ships
- they could have been ran by the Myceneans
- Some historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis
Friday-watch video
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