Topics:
-Temperance Movement-18th Amendment
a movement where they wanted the moderation of alcohol and they wanted to get it banned. They wanted hard liquor banned but weren't to concerned about beer and wine. The 18th amendment banned alcohol (1919). Can't make sell import or export it. Possession and consumption was not made illegal. It ended in (1933) in the 21st amendment. Women had originally helped push for prohibition. Medical and religious reasons were acceptation.
WCTU- Woman's Christian Temperance Union
-Muckrakers-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens
Muckrakers- journalist that exposed what was going on corruption and often offered solutions. They raked up the muck of society. Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens were three of the main muckrakers. Upton Sinclair- exposed the packing plants, famous for his book called the Jungle, which was his horrible experiences and what they do in meat packing plants. Helped passed Pure food and drug act. Ida Tarbell- Accomplished woman. only woman to graduate college that year. She wrote about the standard oil company and what they were doing to cheat people out. It was a very successful story telling how Rockefeller treated his workers. Lincoln Steffens- into finding out corruption about state government. Started out asking for his own curiosity but thought people should really know about it. What he did lead to the federal reserve system.
-Laws making the workplace better, safer, etc
Workman's compensation- injured on the job they'll pay to health stuff and pay salary while you are recouping. Labor Unions going on strike to get better pay and better work days. Child Labor Laws- getting children out of workplace.
-Direct Election of US Senators-17th Amendment
People get to elect the senators. Two per state doesn't matter size of the state. Instead of white rich men picking, common people get a say.
-Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment
Women the right to vote. The whole push started in 1800's. they didn't have the equal voting rights. happened in 1920. Lead to women getting treated fairly and close to same pay as men. But women are still payed less than men even today. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Important because women have the right to vote now.The decisions made will effect women because we are a part of the country too.
-Teddy Roosevelt's Background
Born October 27. He is actually Jr. He also had a son Teddy Roosevelt. He was the second of 4 children. Pretty wealthy family. His first wife died during child birth of kidney failure. He got remarried and had 6 kids. He got married on his 21st birthday the firs time. Had asthma as a kid and had poor eye sight. Home Schooled most of his life, went to Harvard. Boxer and wrestler in college. Went to Germany and studied politics. came back got married she died ...let the daughter to go move to Dakotas to be a rancher but came back for daughter. 1899 became Kernel in the army. 1899 was elected governor of New York. in 1900 he was asked to be vice president ...McKinley was assassinated. Teddy was president from 1901-1909. At age 60 he died. 1919 dies of heart failure(heart attack)
-Teddy Roosevelt's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Square Deal-
Nick name givin to Theadore Roosevelts campaign program...conservation of natural resources, control of cooperation and consumer protection. He passed different laws and broke up trusts. Made national parks. And in charge of meat inspection act and pure food and drug act. Helped bring about food and be healthier and more aware of what we were eating.
2. Breaking up strikes-my topic
3. Breaking up trusts-trustbuster- my topic
4. Regulating railroads-Elkins Act, Hepburn Act
Elkins act- Got rid of
Hepburn act- william hepburn from iowa and he improved services of
5. Pure Food and Drug Act
Passed in 1906. made companies put labels on their food so people knew what was in it so they couldn't put bad drugs in it.
6. Meat Inspection Act
1906- started Upton Sinclair book about how horrible the packing plants were. Roosevelt went to the packing plants and made the law that they could sell it as long as it was labeled. Protected the citizens
7. Conservation-Transfer Act, Antiquities Act
Roosevelt was the first really green president. He just wanted to protect the forests.
Transfer act- made sure people weren't breaking laws. Rangers in the park
Antiquities act-1906Set apart land for future generations to see.
8. Newlands Reclamation Act
1902-funded the irrigation for 20 states in the west . set aside money from sales. Very expensive but we turned the dry states into farm land. added food and grains.
9. Gentleman's Agreement
US and Japan. Agreement to be treated fairly. If US quit being racist in immigration problem then Japan would stop sending immigrants.
10. Federal Employers Liability Act
workmans compensation for workers. started with railroads but almost every job has it now. 1908
11. Policy toward African-Americans
He treated them with respect and fairly. he wasn't raciest , but didn't stop the people who were.
-William Howard Taft's Background
Born September 15 1867. Died March 8, 1930, 27th president, went to college at Yale. Rich family in Cincinnati Ohio. 5'11" and was a big president. Most obese. would randomly fall asleep. After being president he became chief justice, he didn't want to be president, wanted to be a judge, wasn't a very good president.
-William Howard Taft's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Tax on imported goods. Wanted to lower Tariffs. more competition, Protecting products.
Lowered Tariffs on a couple of things , kept some the same, and increased some. Upset both sides. Progressives and conservatives were both upset.
2. Ballinger/Pinchot Land Dispute
Upset progressives and Roosevelt. Over conservation of land. Land set aside by Roosevelt was sold by Pinchot to big businesses. Taft kind of seen as anti conservation. Ballinger was pro conservation but Taft didn't listen to him, Pinchot won out.
3. Breaking up trusts
Broke up 85-95 trust. Most trusts broke up by a single person. He went after all trusts , good and bad not just bad. Took some to court and lost though. Said he was following the law but he misinterpreted the law.
4. Income Tax-16th Amendment
adopted February 1913- allows government to apply income tax. they cannot change tax based on how many people are in your state.
5. Policy towards African-Americans
Wanted to help them but didn't do much to enforce laws. NAACP- advancement of colored people- got rid of grandfather clause. - became bigger towards the 50's and 60's.
-1912 Presidential Election
1. Democratic candidate and platform
Woodrow Wilson- won because republican vote was split- tariff reduction, stronger anti trust laws, fedrel income tax, women right to vote. Progressive person
2. Republican candidate and platform
William Taft- break up monopolies and keep reasonable tariff make a bigger Navy. Regulate child Labor, odd man out in the election. No chance really.
3. Progressive(Bull Moose) Party and platform
Teddy Roosevelt- he said I feel as strong as a Bull Moose after being shot at at a speech, regulate monopolies not get totally rid of them, Sherman anti trust act,, set minimum wage, conservation and build national interstates. Keep a reasonable Tariff.
4. Socialist candiate and platform
Eugene V. Debs - similar to Roosevelt and Wilson- he wanted to take things in another direction, more government control. lot smaller votes
5. Results and why Wilson won
Wilson won. He lost in overall votes but he won more electoral votes.
-Woodrow Wilson's Background
December 28 1886- Virginia Moved to Georgia when he was one. He couldn't read for the first 10 years of his life but ended up going to Princeton. Married Ellen Axson and had 3 daughters. Taught at Princeton was a lawyer and then became president of Princeton. He was Governor of New Jersey. His wife died and then he re-married when he was president. 1919 suffered from a stroke and left side of his body didn't work. While he was disabled , his wife Edith Gault ran the presidency. died in 1924 age of 67.
-Woodrow Wilson's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Broke up monopolies. 1914- gave labor unions legal rights to exist. and gave people the right to be in them and not get hired.
2. Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission
To stop monopolies and protect people. 5 people serve 7 year terms. split in to 3 branches. Specifically
3. Federal Farm Loan Act
Increase Credit to local farmers. Started 12 banks and 10 farm loan associations.
4. Underwood Tariff
Reduced tax on imported and exported goods .
5. Federal Reserve Act
set up our federal reserve system. allows banks to issue money. made for more reliable banking. bankers bank. raising or lowering interest rate. putting money in our out of circulation
6. Keating–Owen Act
Getting rid of child labor
7. Adamson Act
40 hour work day. over 40 hours you get time and a half
8. US Neutrality in WWI
1914 declared neutrality as soon as war broke out. Wouldn't fight but could supply both sides. We really didn't like either side but got in 1917 didn't fight until 1918. Zimmerman Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico. Didn't work . We never fought with Mexico
9. Policy towards African-Americans
similar to other two. segregation. made inter-racial marriage illegal. he did what he thought was popular.
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