went over our assigned logs
-Temperance Movement-18th Amendment: Movement in early 20th century pushed to have alcohol banned hard liquor banned but beer wasn't as important to ban Temperance Movement helped the 18th Amendment in 1919- banned alcohol, prohibited the sales, transportation making, import or export- consumption or possession wasn't banned. Women were the big pushers for Prohibition Many had been abused, cheated on, laziness, corruption and crime. 21st Amendment abolishes the 18th amendment. Carrie Nation- most famous woman suffrage- she had a hatchet and smash a bar God told her to, and she was arrested a few times. She entered saloons in protest WCTU Women's Christian Temperence Union
-Muckrakers-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens: They would write to Congress and most of the time it wasn't successful so they wrote articles and exposed companies. Investigative writers Upton Sinclair-exposed the packing plants for meat most famous work was "The Jungle" Happening to the meat- some of the cattle had boils on their hides rats, rat feces, people's spit, bugs were with the meat
Ida Tarbell- accomplished woman, graduated college traveled all over, writing for a magazine covered the Standard Oil Company let the common people know what Rockefeller did Helped to break up the Standard Oil company let everyone know through her works how Rockefeller took over companies.
Lincoln Steffens- started out talking to people- state government going after the people that stole money from the government people opened up to him because he was good at talking to people federal reserve system went after Boss Tweed's of the world
-Laws making the workplace better, safer, etc Workmen's compensation- pay them after they have an injury on the job company would pay hours and for the bills Labor Unions and Progressives wanted Child Labor Laws strengthening labor unions
-Direct Election of US Senators-17th Amendment: People can vote in the Senators rich white men chose and common people had no choice.
-Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote started in 1849 1920 it happened, women didn't have a equal voice in government lots of campaigns and Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton famous leaders
-Teddy Roosevelt's Background- Born Oct 1858 Teddy was a jr. home schooled, sickly kid, poor eyesight went to Harvard Second of four children, wealthy family studied politics got married, first wife died during childbirth got remarried had five or six kids left first daughter and left to South Dakota to become cowboy returned and got his child back remarried 1889-working with a president secretary of the Navy went to Cuba was first lieutenant governor of New York 1898-1900 asked to be vice president 1901-1909 was his presidency Powers in New York got him his vice president's offer after presidency went to Africa 1919- age 60 died of heart failure Volunteered to fight in WWI Wilson refused to have Teddy go and fight because he didn't want a former president to die fighting for his country.
-Teddy Roosevelt's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Square Deal: Three c's: control of corporations, conservation of natural resourves, consumer protection giving everyone a fair deal platform when running for president
2. Breaking up strikes: Coal mine strike of 1902- mining was dangerous owners wanted the army to come, but Roosevelt wanted the army to go and work
3. Breaking up trusts-trustbuster: early 1900's mostly controlled with big businesses Teddy didn't want big businesses, he wanted to use the government to break up trusts, he broke up mostly railroads break up bad trusts- driving people out of business, paying workers very little. Good Trusts- make great products, pay workers decently, not driving companies out of business He wanted to keep good trusts close and watch them
4. Regulating railroads-Elkins Act, Hepburn Act: Elkins Act- people were upset with railroads because of price. The act got rid of the free pass and rebates which they gave to big businesses. Made it more equal, improved the services Hepburn Act- William Hepburn- from Iowa, improved services allowed the government to regulate the prices gave the government the ability to fight back the railroad prices.
5. Pure Food and Drug Act: Putting labels on food, had to keep drugs out of food led to FDA Bureau of Chemistry in the department of agriculture FDA is still around
6. Meat Inspection Act: officially in 1906- started the upset from Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle" Teddy visited meat packing plants and was not impressed, classified meat- fine, wholesome, sound, labeled properly (as long as it was labeled, you could sell it) Importance is that it protects the citizens
7. Conservation-Transfer Act, Antiquities Act: Transfer Act-State wide forests to USDA trying to conserve land assigning rangers and officers to the forests making people go by the laws in the parks Transferred control of parks from department of interior to USDA Antiquities Act- passed by 96th congress, signed by Roosevelt law gave president use of the public land used to protect Indian land Teddy true believer in conservation, love wilderness, and hunting, wanted to preserve the land for future generations
8. Newlands Reclamation Act: 1902 funded irrigation products of twenty states First was only in 13 states, but Texas was added. Set aside money from sales. Helped farmers with their dry land. Federal government helped set up irrigation in the hot west Arizona, Texas, New Mexico
9. Gentleman's Agreement: Goal to get the two countries to get along Japan didn't like how we were racist US wouldn't have restrictions on Japanese immigrants, and Japanese wouldn't send over immigrants No anti-Japanese immigration law Japan wouldn't send over people.
10. Federal Employers Liability Act: Dealt with railroad workers hurt on the job, paid while you were recuperating led to any job in the US 1908
11. Policy toward African-Americans: Did not discriminate against African Americans. Did not help them a lot, but helped create jobs for them, did not stop discrimination, still won the votes and hearts of them, respected them Pro Black- hard to help the African Americans were still in the Jim Crow laws, Progressive Era helped more common people but not African Americans Pushed too hard to help African Americans, the white rich men wouldn't vote for Roosevelt
-William Howard Taft's Background: Died March 8th 1938 Biggest president 27th president of the US Yale university rich family remembered as the most obese president He would fall asleep randomly when he was talking to them. Health got really bad, had to resign from Chief Justice. Only president to be on the Supreme Court after presidency. Roosevelt chose Taft didn't want to be president
-William Howard Taft's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff: Tariff is a tax on imported goods. Try to get people to buy American products, with imported goods pricier. high tariff is good for businesses tariffs everywhere we put a tariff on Chinese goods, China would put a tariff on American goods The Payne-Aldrich tariff rose some, and lowered some or kept some same ticked off the progressive not far enough, the conservatives lowered tariffs they didn't like Taft
: Upset Teddy and progressives Richard Ballinger Taft started supporting other guy, Pinchot land set aside by Roosevelt, allowed Pinchot to sell to big business made him look like Taft to like big businesses and not land conservation Taft lost the Progressives voting for him both Ballinger and Pinchot were in the land department of interior
3. Breaking up trusts: Broke up any trusts, not just the bad trusts. Broke up Standard Oil company tried breaking up JP morgan following the law of breaking trusts Teddy had it right, just breaking up the bad trusts
4. Income Tax-16th Amendment: Feb 3rd 1913 imposed income tax on US citizens can not change amount of tax by population government can tax the people, can tax more because there's more people in your state. Important because gov can pay for things they need flat income tax
5. Policy towards African-Americans: Not against African Americans, didn't do much to enforce the laws made NAACP National association for the advancement of colored people get rid of the endoresed booker t washington
-1912 Presidential Election
1. Democratic candidate and platform: Woodrow Wilson stronger anti trust law federal income tax supported women's right to vote progressive person tariff reduction currency reform
2. Republican candidate and platform: incumbent- former president Taft wanted to break up monopolies and tariff reform continue to break up monopolies balanced tariff make a bigger Navy eliminate child labor
3. Progressive (Bull Moose) Party and platform Roosevelt Feel as strong as a bull moose is why its a bull moose party progressive and bull moose is the same good and bad trusts like in presidency minimum wage good work environment conservation balanced reasonable tariff supported women's rights Roosevelt said of Taft "Fat Head with the brain of a guinea pig"
Roosevelt and Taft fight against each other, and Wilson didn't fight Roosevelt and Wilson similar
4. Socialist candiate and platforme: Eugene V. Debs wanted same things as Roosevelt and Wilson socialists take from the rich and then give it to the poor- Robin Hood
5. Results and why Wilson won: he won the electoral side all democrats voted him, republicans and progressives were split Republicans were split in two, the conservatives were for Taft, progressives for Roosevelt
-Woodrow Wilson's Background: in Virginia moved to Georgia and lived there most of his life, couldn't read first 10 years of life, left for Princeton 1885 married had three daughters he was a lawyer returned to Princeton as a professor 1914 wife died remarried while president 1910 governor of New Jersey 1919 suffered a stroke left side of body paralyzed wife ran presidency last few months because of his stroke Feb 3 1924 age 67
-Woodrow Wilson's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act: Same as Sherman Anti- trust act plus federal government gave Labor Unions legal rights to exist. Employees had a right to be in a union, or strike. strengthened Sherman Still around today
2. Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission: established in 1914 Protect consumers can't be more than 3 from one party for the board of commissioners 3 bureau of competition, economics, they go after big companies company has to have permission to merge from FTC
3. Federal Farm Loan Act: 1916 increase credit to rural farms, more loans, started Farm Loan Board 12 banks farmers weren't doing well, falling into debt. Gave farmers more money through loans so they could increase the size of their farms, buy equipment, or pay off debts.
4. Underwood Tariff:
5. Federal Reserve Act: 1913 Wilson set up federal reserve system allowed banks to issue money made more reliable banking People would run to banks and take all their money and the bank would shut down. Banks would borrow money "bankers bank" banks borrow money from the Federal Reserve keeps banks from shutting down. Federal reserve board 14 terms 4 major areas not only a bankers bank, but they can put money in or out of circulation controls infilation raise or lower interest rate they encourage people during a crisis by lowering interest rates
6. Keating–Owen Act
1916, it tryed to eliminate child labor. was the first federal act that dealt with child labor laws
7. Adamson Act
passed the 8 hr of work in a day. it started with the rail workers. and if you have over time you get payed more. so if you work more than 40 hours a week you would get payed more for those over time hours.
8. US Neutrality in WWI
1913 reduced tarriest. income taxes. reduced tariffs on imported goods.
9. Policy towards African-Americans
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