Jake, Brad Jones, Jordan, Alex
This was an era of great scientific expansion, mainly because "scientist" became a paid profession in universities and industries. The science during this era led to the Theory of Evolution. Science suddenly exercised a growing influence on human thought. Breakthroughs in industrial technology stimulated scientific inquiry in how things worked, which led to an explosion in fundamental science. Inventions in the late 19th century generally improved the quality of life. This era also witnessed the beginning and rapid growth of hospitals. New branches of anthropology, archeology, and cell biology were created. The periodic table was discovered as a display of chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties. The 19th century was a time of war, which led to substantial advancements in medicine as serious wounds had to be handled immediately under unique conditions. Breakthroughs in controlling bleeding, infection, and pain were developed on 19th century battle fields. Sickness and disease were extremely common in urban areas because many people were packed tightly together and could not afford hygienic materials or medicine. The 19th century was the age of machine tools (made tools and parts). The assembly line was a major invention of this time that sped up production of goods and was much more efficient. Inventors also began to design the practical internal combustion engine during this time. In 1837 Samuel Morse invented the telegraph which allowed long distance messaging without physical contact. Industrialization and urban expansion help shape America into what it is today. The population boom put a huge strain on the housing industry. Many people were moving to the cities to work so lots lived in the streets or in tenements. People worked long hours for low pay. These efficient production factories put out many family owned, small town businesses. This was the transitions from small businesses to an industrialized mass production economy. Some results of crowded cities were growing slums, increases population densities, and growing crime rates. Economic differences tore our country apart, the industrialized factory based north was putting pressure on the agricultural south to keep up. Cheap labor was now a necessity. Economics were a major factor of the Civil War along with racial equality, and Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was also meant to attack the South's economy.
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