Topics:
-Temperance Movement-18th Amendment-----Wanted alcohol to be banned. Many churches and temperance organizations worked to get alcohol banned. Alcohol was banned with 18th Amendment, but was repealed with the 21st amendment.
-Muckrakers-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens----Muckraker-journalists that would expose the crime and corruption in society. Exposed and then offered solutions. Raked up the muck of society
Ida Tarbell-went on to write for magazines. Ended up writing about the Standard Oil Company. Uncovered what Rockafeller didn't want others to know. "History of the Standard Oil Company" Started out as three part story ended as 19 part story. This story let everyone know what Rockefeller was really doing to his workers and for his company. Her writing started the breaking up of trusts, Standard Oil Company.
Lincoln Steffens-went after corruption in the city and state government.
Because of them we started seeing major change in government. People had more insight.
-Laws making the workplace better, safer, etc
Workmen's Compensation-if injured on the job, will get paid salary while are recovering.
Labor Unions-Workers had bad conditions, Labor Unions are strengthened during this era.
-Direct Election of US Senators-17th Amendment
The people in America get to elect senators. Before were rich white men, manipulated senators. Direct election of U.S. Senators
-Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote in 1920. Women didn't have equal voice in government. 1849 Senica convention, really started the push for women's suffrage. Leaded to women getting treated fairly. Lots of campaigns and rallies. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, main leaders of the movement. Important because women have right to vote, government is more fair.
-Teddy Roosevelt's Background
rich family-born in 1858. Sickly as a child. Went to Harvard. Boxed and Wrestled at Harvard. Studied politics in Germany. First Wife died, then moved away from daughter to a cattle ranch. then remarried. got back into politics. Was police commissioner. Naval secretary. Had 5 kids. 1899 elected governor of New York. 1900 asked to be vice president under McKinley. McKinley was assassinated, so Roosevelt became president 1901-1909. Wrote many history books. Died at 60 of heart failure in 1919.
-Teddy Roosevelt's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Square Deal
The nickname given to TR's campaign platform. Based on 3 main things. Conservation natural resources, consumer protection, control of corporations. Control of corporations-passed different laws and broke up trusts. Natural resources-first green president. Consumer protection-Meat Protection pure food and drug act. Helped bring about better food and helped us eat healthier.
2. Breaking up strikes
strike-where workers are working against the company to get what they want. Cole mine strike of 1902-mine work was dirty and dangerous. Teddy threatened to send in army to break up strike. But it was eventually settled between management and workers.
3. Breaking up trusts-trust buster
early 1900 main companies controlling everything. Teddy decided to government to break up trusts . broke up 30 major companies. Self-proclaimed trust buster. Taft broke up more trusts in 4 years than Teddy did in 8 years. Taft thought all trusts were bad, so went a little crazy.
4. Regulating railroads-Elkins Act, Hepburn Act
Elkins Act-got rid of the free pass and rebate railroads would give to big businesses. Charged farmers to make up for what they lost with big businesses. MAde prices fair for everyone.
Hepburn Act-allowed government to watch over railroads. USed to fight back against railroads rates.
5. Pure Food and Drug Act
Passed in 1906 made companies put labels on their food, had to be truthful. Foods had dangerous addictive drugs. Cocaine was in Coca-Cola.
6. Meat Inspection Act
1906-started up the stir of meat and factory inspections. TR went to Chicago packing plant, everything was getting into the meat. Had to classify meat as healthy, sound, or labeled properly. Protected citizens.
7. Conservation-Transfer Act, Antiquities Act
Transfer Act-state wide forests were moved from department of interior to the department of agriculture. gave jobs to people to watch out for the park. Park Rangers.
Antiquities Act-Protect land, set land into National Parks.
8. Newlands Reclamation Act
1902 Helped farmers irrigate their crops. Set up irrigation systems in western states. funded irrigation projects,in 20 states
9. Gentleman's Agreement
If US stopped being racist in immigration policy, Japan promised not to send Japanese immigrants to the us.
10. Federal Employers Liability Act
passed to help out workers who were hurt on the job. Federal Law. Dealt with railroad workers, workman's compensation. started with railroad workers eventually led to all workers.
11. Policy toward African-Americans
Created jobs for them, won votes and hearts of African Americans because they liked the way he treated them
-William Howard Taft's Background
Born Sept. 15 1857. 27th president of US. went to Yale. born into rich family. Died march 8 1930. After being president became US supreme court justice. Only president. Never wanted to be president. Hand-picked by Roosevelt. Wanted to be judge. Ended up not being a very good president.
-William Howard Taft's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
lower tariffs benefit consumers, lower tariffs are good for everyone. Taft promised lower tariffs. Lowered tariffs on a couple things, raised tariffs on some things, and kept the tariff the same (very high) on most things. Ticked off both sides, progressives and rest of people.
2. Ballinger/Pinchot Land Dispute
upset progressives and Roosevelt. Ballinger was pro-conservation.Taft started supporting Pinchot, Allowed Pinchot to sell this land to the big companies. Didn't appease progressives at the time.
3. Breaking up trusts
Broke up about 85-95 trusts, went at every trust in united states. Broke up Standard Oil.
4. Income Tax-16th Amendment
Allows government to tax people, but can't tax you more cause there are more people in your state. income tax on U.S. citizens. Allows government to pay for things that they need.
5. Policy towards African-Americans
Wasn't against African Americans, but also didn't do very much to help them. Help found NAACP. National associated for the advancement of colored people. Endorsed Booker T. Washington.
-1912 Presidential Election
1. Democratic candidate and platform
Woodrow Wilson; tariff reduction, stronger anti-trust laws, federal income tax, currency reform, supported women's right to vote, prohibition.
2. Republican candidate and platform
William Taft; break-up monopolies, keep balanced tariff, bigger navy, pass laws reducing child labor.
3. Progressive(Bull Moose) Party and platform
Teddy Roosevelt; regulate monopolies, Sherman anti-trust act, minimum wage, 8 hr work day, continue conservation efforts, construct national highways
4. Socialist candiate and platform
Wugene V Debs-similar to Wilson and Roosevelt.
5. Results and why Wilson won
Wilson won, wilson lost in overall votes to Roosevelt but had more electoral votes. all democrats would vote for wilson, but the republican votes were split between two candidates.
-Woodrow Wilson's Background
Born Dec. 28 1856 in Virginia. couldn't read for first 10 years of his life. Went to Princeton. 1885 married Ellen Axon had 3 daughters. Returned to Princeton as a professor, and then became president at Princeton. Was a lawyer. Governor of New Jersey in 1910. He remarried while president. Suffered stroke in 1919 half of his body was paralyzed. His wife ran the presidency for the last 18 months of his reign Died 1924 if February at age of 67.
-Woodrow Wilson's Domestic Presidential Accomplishments/Issues:
1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
strengthened the sherman anti-trust act (broke up monopolies) Federal government gave labor unions legal rights to exist. Strikes, boycotts, picketing etc. became legal.
2. Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission
stopped monopolies. investigated companies for monopolistic practices. Had to make sure companies weren't breaking any anti-trust laws.
3. Federal Farm Loan Act
1916 to increase credit to rural farmers. gave out more loans. 50% land 20% improvements 12 banks 10 associations. keep farming going. Farmers weren't doing well so this kept them going. Gave farmers money through loans, so that the farmers could increase their farming output.
4. Underwood Tariff
passes in 1913 reduced tariffs on imports and exports. only on some items, factory based items. reinstated the income tax, the more you made the more you paid. rich white men would get 5%. Drastically reduced tariffs from 45% to 20% good for consumers, brought more competition.
5. Federal Reserve Act
1913. set up federal reserve system, banking system. divided the nations into 12 districts--> regional central bank in each district. Federal Reserve banks could issue new paper money in emergency situations. Helped give loans to the banks. Allowed banks to issue money, made for more reliable banking. take money out or put more money into circulation. Can control inflation/deflation. Can raise or lower interest rates. "BANKERS BANK"
6. Keating–Owen Act
1916. Dealth with banning child labor. 14 for factories 16 for mines and quarries. Tried to eliminate underage workers.
7. Adamson Act
1916 passes law for 8 hour work day for railroad workers. established 8 hr work day 40 hour work week and overtime pay. After pass 40 hours would get paid more.
8. US Neutrality in WWI
wouldn't fight in war but would supply both sides. Germans thought that U.s was only helping British so attacked U.S. Ships. Make peace between america and Germany. British wouldn't talk to us about stopping blockade. U.s didn't like British for this.
9. Policy towards African-Americans
segregated Washington D.C. made interracial marriage a felony.
Study!! GROUP TEST TOMORROW!!!
Comments
You have good notes, I used them. Thanks, Emma!