today we are doing presentations again.
Group 6: chapter 8
Changes in Education
Views:
-people viewed public schools as training grounds for employment and citizenship
-they thought it was a good thing.
Early:
-most states had established public schools by the Civil War
- most school-age children did not receive formal schooling
- very few went on to high school
Expanding:
-1865-1895
-laws passed to requireing students ages 8-14 to attend between 12-16 weeks of school per year
- curiculum included math writing etc
schools for young children:
-kindergratens were first created to offer childcare for employed mothers.
- with the help of torrey harris kindergartens soon began to be added to public schools
high schools:
- by early 1900 more than half a million students attende high school
racial discrimination:
-educational opportunities were much more rare for african american children
-public education was not available to the majority of oclored children until the 1940's
education for immigrants:
- encouraged to attend school
-taught them english and american patriotic verses
-adult immigrants often attended night school to learn english and help qualify for american citizenship.
highger education:
- only 2.3% of americans attended colleges or universities
-between 1880 and 1920 that number quadrupled
-industural development changed the educational needs
importance:
-reforms in public education led to a rise in national literacy and the promotion of public eucation
-the puvlic eduation is the foundation of the democratic ideals of american society
Segreation adn Discrimination
Reconstruciton era:
-for a short period of time during and after reconstruction, africam americans enjoyed politican and social rights
voting restrictions:
-only people who could read could vote
-must pass a literacy test to vote
- officials could pass or fail anyone they wish
-all whites whose ancestors could vote
Jim crow laws:
- during the 1870's and 1880's southern states passed racial segregation laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
- homer plessy took a seat inn a whites oly train car and refused to move
- he was arrested, tried and convicted in the district court of new orleans for breaking louisiaas
outcome:
supreme court said it was legal to seperate races
effects:
-legalized segregation for almost 60 years
- established the doctrine "separate but equal"
racial etiquette:
- blacks who didn not cooperate with rules were lynched (torture)
discrimination in the north:
- racism mwas across the entire nation
-blacks and chinese were sent to separated neighborhoods
- they were only hired as a last resort.
discrimination in the west:
-there were many backgrouonds living in the west
- moistly mexicans were hired to build the railroads because they were used to the hot dry conditions
- they were forced in to debt peonage until 1911
excluding the chinese:
- 1880 more than 100000 chinese immigrants lived in america
-white people feared to much competion
-xenophobia-fear of people (chinese)
Importance;
-jim crow laws and racial discrimination led to the fight for equality for people of all backgrounds in america.
they told us not to write anything about entertainment. *(late 1800's and 1900's)
first machine to watch movies was the zoopraxiscope
first movie was the horse in motion
amusment parks
1893 amusement parks boomed chicago was the first to have the ferris wheel
1894 paul boynton chuted opened the first amusement park.
disney was created and opened 1955
as the big parks grew the traditional parks were shut down.
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