Monday-No School
Tuesday-
BC- Before Christ
AD- Anno Domini
BCE- Before Common Era
CE- Common Era
BC and BCE are the same
AD and CE are the same
Civilization- An advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry and government has been reached.
The Five Traits of a Civilization
Advances cites
Writing/Record keeping
Specialized workers
Complex Institutions
Advanced technology
What is an empire?
A country that has control of large areas outside of its border
Big Empires
UMAYYAD CALIPHATE
YUAN Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
Spanish Empire
Russian Empire
Mongol Empire
British Empire-biggest empire
ACHAEMENID EMPIRE
Ottoman Empire
Ancient rome
Portuguese Empire
Ancient Egypt
Wednesday-Notes
Wednesday-Notes
These civilization arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 B.C.
Nile,Tigris/Euphrates,Indus,Yellow/Yangtze
Where are these rivers located?
Egypt, Iraq,India, China
What were common characteristics of each of these civilizations
Fertile soil, mild climate,waterway for transportation,water for crops and drinking.
Mesopotamia
The City-States of Sumer
A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state” a city counrty”
Each city state had a large urban center with rural countryside surrounding it
Each had its own large military that protected their rural lands
Fought each other to gain more farmland
Kings ruled each city state
The Sumerian City-states
Sippar,Ur,Kish,Eridu,Umma,Nippur,Isin,Uruk,Larsa
Sumerian Social Order
King,Priests,Skilled Craftspeople, merchants, Traders, Farmers, Laborers and Slaves
Sumerian Religion
Polytheistic: The worship of many gods
Each city-state considered one god to be its protector
Sumerian Ziggurat-Largest structure in city. Dedicated to a patron god of the city(religious temples. Resembled a pyramid and made of brick. Built to look like a mountain because sumerians believed the gods preferred to live there.
Men and Women in Sumer
Women-took care of the home and children
Some wealthy women got an education
Some educated women became priestesses in the temples
Men-Held political positions
Made Laws
Educated
Thursday-Notes
First Civilization to develop:
The wheel
Vehicles with wheels-carts & wagons
Potter’s wheel
Plow-pulled by oxen
Clock
Sewers under streets
Bronze tools & weapons-Bronze Age
Makeup
Glass jewelry
Writing
Math Concepts
Sumerian Math
System based on the number 60
Divided a circle into 360 degrees
Divided a year into 12 months
24 hours a day
Calculated the area of Circle and Triangles
Invention of Writing
Cuneiform- Worlds first system of writing
Scribe-Writer
Epics-Long poems that tell the stories of heroes
Sumer’s Fall
The city states of Ancient Sumer, since they were small city states, were often fighting over land and water rights. Their lack of unity left the open to attacks by stronger groups.
The rise of Babylon
Located by the euphrates river near modern-day Baghdad,Iraq
Former Sumerian City
By 1800 BC- Baylon had become quite powerful
Lasted until 1026 BC when Assyrians took over
Hammurabi
Hammurabi 1792 BC was babylon’s greatest king
Fought many battles to expand his power
Hammurabi Code
282 laws dealing with almost every part of daily life
- Trade,loans,theft,marriage,injury & murder
Some still seen in today’s law ( innocent until proven guilty)
Important because it was written down for all to see and people all over the empire could read exactly what was against the law
Friday-Notes
Hammurabi’s
Fines- Fines were the least harshest punishment included in Hammurabi’s law code. Paying a fine was was a common punishment
Payback- Payback was commonly used as a punishment and were often more physical,like the eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
Death- being put to death was common, and was the harshest common punishment
How long did the Ancient Eqyptian civilization Last?
3000 thousands years
The Nile River
4000 miles long-world’s longest river
The Nile river valley provided the early Egyptians with rich farmland
Surrounding deserts gave them protection from forgin invaders
The Mediterranean and Red seas gave the Egyptians a way to trade with people outside of egypt
Eqyptian Goverment
- The earliest eqyptain rulers were village chiefs
- Over time, a few strong chiefs united their villages to from kingdoms
- The strongest of the kingdoms eventually conquered the weaker kingdoms and by 4000 B.C. there were only two, the Upper and Lower Kingdoms
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