Monday
Colossus Of Rhodes
- Statues of Helois, Greek Titan god.
- Was made of bronze.
- Same size as Statue of Liberty.
- One of the 7 wonder of the Ancient World.
- Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake.
- Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invaders.
The Temple/Statue of Artemis
- Built around 800 B.C.
- Artemis is the Greek Goddess of Fertility.
- The temple was destroyed several times due to wars.
- Current day archaeologist have found the foundations of 5 temples built on top of each other.
The statue of Zeus at Olympia
- Built around 450 BC.
- The statue was said to be made of gold and marble.
- Eventually destroyed after being then apart an moved.
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
- Built around 353 BC.
- Tomb was built by Queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband/brother King Mausolus.
- Destroyed by earthquakes in the 1100 - 1400's AD.
- All that survive today are the foundations blocks.
Lighthouse of Alexandria
- The lighthouse was built in 280 BC.
- It was the worlds first lighthouse ( reflected sunlight by day/fire at night).
- Most likely destroyed by earthquakes from 956 - 1325 AD.
- Remains were found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1994
- Egypt is building an underwater museum for tourists.
Geography of Greece
- Greece is a small country in Europe
- The mail part of Greece in on a peninsula
- Greece is surrounded by what three large bodies of water?
- Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Ionian Sea
- The rest of Greece is made up of Islands
- 6000 (227 being inhabited)
Importance of Geography to Greece
- The sea was extremely important to the Greeks - Why?
- Did not live "on the land" but :around the sea".
- Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the sea.
- Used the seas as a means of transportation.
- The sea linked all parts of Greece to other areas for trade which was essential due to lack of resources.
- Mountains covered around 3/4's of ancient Greece.
Mt. Olympus
- Home of the 12 Olympian Greek gods
12 Olympian Greek gods
- Zeus
- King of the gods, sky, thunder
- Hera
- Women , Marriage
- Demeter
- Harvest, Agriculture
- Poseidon
- Sea
- Athena
- Wisdom, Courage
- Apollo
- Music, poetry, healing
- Artemis
- The hunt, wild animals, childbirth
- Aphrodite
- Love, Beauty, Pleasure
- Ares
- War
- Hermes
- Transitions and boundaries
- Hephaestus
- Blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans
- Hestia
- Hearth, home, domesticity, family
- Dionysus
- Vine, Grape harvest, wine-making, wine
- Due to mountains, transportation over land was difficult.
- Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture.
- Due to these issues/ ancient Greece never had a large population - no more than a few million.
- These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand.
Tuesday:
Minoan Civilization
- 2000 - 1500 BC
- Heavily influence by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations.
- Names after legendary Crete Kind of Minos of Greek mythology.
- Known for its trade on the seas.
- Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, Generally Peaceful.
Minoans
- Known for it's advanced cities - Knossos
- Not overcrowded, plumbing, toilets, sewers
- Known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations.
- Known for their art and pottery.
Downfall of the Minoans
- Around 1500 BC, the Minoan civilization ended abruptly.
- Historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships.
- They could have been over ran by the Mycenaean.
- Some Historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis.
Mycenaean's video
- Controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC-1100BC
- Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united
Dorian's
- 1150-750 BC
- Came from the north area of Greece
- Less advanced than the Mycenaean's
- Trade and culture slowed
- Greece went into a Dark Age
Homer
- Was a Greek epic poet from 750-700 BC
- Narrative poems celebrated heroic deeds
Greek City-States Athens/Sparta
Polis
City
Acropolis
A settlement in a city on higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss politics
Types of government
Monarchy
Government ruled by one person-king queen
Aristocracy
Government ruled by a small group of wealthy landowning families
Oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people
Tyrants
Powerful individuals who seize control from the government
Could be good or bad
Democracy
Ruled by the people
Athens had perhaps the world’s first democracy
Only allowed citizens to participate
Women slaves, and foreigner were not citizens
Education in Athens
Only for the sons of wealthy families
Started at age 7 and focuses on developing good citizens
Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic, and public speaking
Public debate and athletics were also stressed
Once older, students went to military school
Girls were educated by their mothers in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, etc
Sparta
Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
Defeated the Messenians in 725 BC and in 650 BC
Unlike Athens and other city-state, it did not have democracy
Build a military state
Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power
Valued duty, strength and discipline over freedom beauty and learning
Sparta Classes
Only men born were citizens
Women were not allowed to become Citizens
The second class in Sparta were people who came from other city-states or other countries
They could own businesses but not become citizens
The third class were helots /slaves
Worked the fields or were servants
Spartan Warriors
Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important
Training to become a good soldier was stressed
Young boys left home at 7 and trained to be soldiers until they were 30
Athletics were stressed
Spartan Women
Service to Sparta was stressed
Received some military training
Athletics were stressed
Had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to athens
Could run family estates when husband was off at war
Thursday
Work day
Friday
Work Day
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