Aristotle Background
Greek philosopher wrote about physics, poetry, theatre
born in 384 BC in stageira North Greece
Aristotle was first trained in medicine
At age 18 he went to Platos Academy in Athens and stayed at the academy for twenty years.
Plato background- born around 428 BC to a weathy Athenian family
During the Sparta war won bravery prize and athletic
Student of Socrates and like philosophy and debate
Socrates background
Athenian Philosopher and known for his contributions to ethics.
Born in Athens 469-399
Military at age 18 hoplite soldier in Peloponnesian war.
Son of a stone sculpture and poverty
Socrates drank hemlock to kill himself instead of being sentenced the death penalty
Aristotle taught alexander the great.
Plato was one of the greates philosopher of all time
plato was taught by socrates and taught Aristotle.
Socrates never lectured and committed suicide because he was forced to.
Aristotle- Physics and Astronomy
Plato- Mathematics and science and philosophy
Athenian Reason
Polytheism- Many gods and goddesses
Prayer- ceremonies and sacrifices animals.
Gods
Zeus- God of the sky weather law order and fate
Poseidon- Swallowed Cronus at birth-god of sea, earthquakes, and horses
Hades- Oldest male child of Cronus and Rhea- God of the under world
Hera- Queen of all gods, protected women and marriage, Name Lady
Athena- born out of Zeus's head, Zeus favorite , Goddess of Strategic war, wisdom and justice, city and agriculture
Apollo- Son of Zeus, Twin to Artemis , god of music light healing adn truth drove sun
Artemis- Could bring sudden death with one arrow
Ares- God of war, battlelust, civil order, and manly behavior, Mars is named after him.
Aphrodite-Goddess of love, beauty and fertility
Myths
Zeus was going to be eaten so he came to earth to live.
Medusa snakes for hair and could turn things into stone.
Roman religion was born out of Greek Mythology. Similar gods with different names.
Government of Athens
Tyranny changed to, First to create a democracy
People that were allowed to participate in the democracy were citizens which were men not women and childeren.
Assembly- Men attended and made decisions of war
The council- Supervised government workers and in charge of navy ships and army horses.
The courts- Most powerful and majority rules, men served as the jurors.
People liked it because they could peacefully settle disputes and citizens could participate and included rich and poor.
Key players
Perciles- leader of athens for 30 years
Solon-introduced many new government reforms
Cleithenes-Father of democracy
Elections
500 people were elected to be the lawmakers for that year.
Macedonia- rough terrain and cold climate. People lived in mountain villages.
Most of the Macedonian nobles referred to themselves as Greeks and the Greeks thought that they were barberic and not civilized like the greeks.
How did they Greeks treat Macedonia and Sparta?
Changes- After the Peloponnesian war several Greek city- States were very weak economically and militaristically.
Phillip II- was the king of Macedonia around 360 BC
Only 23 when he became king.
Great General
Trained peasants into warriors
His dream was to take over Greece and avenge the persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, and invade persia
Phillip's tactics- Phalanxes of 16 by 16 and all 256 men had to work together for it to work. After the phalanx got through the enemy line the calvary charged.
Conquest for Greece- Macedonia was preparing for war. The city states of Greece lost to the macedonians.
Then Athens decides to stand up to them and it was to late Doand they lost their independence.
New leader- Phillip was stabbed at his daughters wedding and he was going to invade persia.
His son became king at 21 years old named Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great- Taught by Aristotle, Spread Hellenistic culture
Alexander wanted to show his power by killing 6,000 Thebes and destroyed their city.
Do you think that Alexander should have punished the people of Thebes so harshly? Why or why not?
State answer and write paragraph explaining.
Yes I think at that time it was good for him to do that so he could show that he was the top dog and the other militaries would be scared of his army. It also made other people not want to ever fight them because they didn't want to loose all their men and land. On the other hand though, I think he could have spared a few more lives instead of killing 6,000 Thebes people and some of them might have agreed to join his army if it was life or death. Alexander also didn't have any reason for attacking the Thebes people so they weren't expecting it and that made it practically slaughter.
Invasion of Persia- Alexander had 35,000 soldiers persians had 40,000
Darius the persian king had 50,000 men charge Alexanders army. Alexander knew he was outnumbered so he ordered a surprise attack to go straight for the king.
Darius wanted to make peace when he lost two major battles and was willing to give up a lot of land.
Alexander didn't take the offer he wanted all of Persia.
Alexander went into Egypt and Egypt crowned him as pharaoh because they knew what he was capable of. He named a city after himself called Alexandria.
Alexander wanted to kill Darius III so he kept going after him. He found Darius dead by one of Darius' own men so Alexander would stop coming after him.
Alexander still invaded India and he had trouble because his army was tired of fighting. They had been fighting for eleven years and marched 11,000 miles so they returned home and stopped fighting.
When Alexander came back he wanted to rebuild his empire but ended up conquering Arabia and died from a fever at the age of 32.
Married a persian princess and 80 men married persian women. spread the Hellenistic culture
Generals fought over who got the power of the empire.
Three Generals took the power.
Antigonus-Became the king of Macedonia and took control of the Greek city-states
Ptolemy-Seized Egypt took the title of Paraoh and began a dynasty
Seleucid-Got control over the old persian Empire. He didn't take the democracy approach with him the rulers had all the power not the people.
What is your overall opinion of Alexander the Great? Was he really that special or just a barbaric person who allowed greed to get the best of him?
Write a Paragraph.
He really knew what he was doing to aquire more land but I think their was way too much greed in him. He spent his whole life trying to get more land and he didn't get to settle down or just relax. He also ruined his soldiers lives because they were gone for eleven years fighting. He sure did let the greed get the best of him because even when he said he was going to build up the empire and stop fighting he went and invaded Arabia.
Comments