Direct Democracy - the people have the power
Classical Art - the art of ancient Greece and Rome in which harmony, order, and proportion were emphasized
Tragedy - a play in which something bad happened to the main character, usually someone in power
Comedy - a play that was humorous; the people were making fun of themselves or people in power
Peloponnesian War - a war against Athens and Sparta (Greek cities)
Socrates - a Greek philosopher that founded Philosopher
Plato - a Greek philosopher who believed that society should be made of 3 groups: farmers, warriors, and the ruling class (Kings, Queens)
Aristotle - a Greek philosopher who was known for questioning the natural world, human belief, thought, and knowledge
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THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS:
- 477 - 431 BC
- Came about after Greece defeated the Persians
- Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science flourished
- Also known as the "Age of Pericles"
- Pericles was the leader of Athens at this time
- Led Athens in the Peloponneisian War
- Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general
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PERCILES' PLAN FOR ATHENS (461-429 BC)
- 3 Goals:
- Stronger Democracy - increased the number of paid government jobs which benefited people who were not wealthy.
- Instituted Direct Democracy
- Citizens rule directly and not through elected representative
2. Strengthen the Empire - Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian Wars)
- Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian Wars
- Alliance with the Greek city-states to protect themselves from further attacks from the Persians
3. Glorify Athens
- Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble and ivory to make Athens a beautiful city
- Used money from the Delian League to hire artists, architects, and workers to build buildings and sculptures
- Phidias was hired to build the Parthenon
- Greek sculptors focused on beauty, not realism
- Classical art focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
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Greek Drama-Tragedy and Comedy
- A tragedy was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
- The hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities
- A tragic flaw usually caused the hero's downfall, usually excessive pride
- Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King, a famous tragedy
- A comedy contained scenes filled with humor
- playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
- Aristophanes was a famous writer of comedies
- The fact that Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens
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The Start of the Greatest Subject in Recorded History
- History
- Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
- Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations occur over time
- Studying those events and situations would aid in understanding the present
- The approaches Thucydides used in his work still guide historians today
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Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
- Fought between Athens and Sparta
- Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth of wealth and power in the area
- Athens was acting like a bully
- Sparta had a better army but Athens had a better navy
- With the help of a plague that hit Athens, Sparta eventually won
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Pericles Plan to Win - avoid land battles and wait to attack Sparta from the sea and build walls protecting city and port
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Rise of Philosophers=lovers of wisdom
- A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
- After loosing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers
- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
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Socrates 470-399 BC
- Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece
- Socrates taught by asking questions/honor and integrity not wealth and power
- This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method
- Put on trial and found guilty for "corrupting the youth of Athens"
- "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance
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Plato 427-347 BC
- Plato was a student of Socrates
- He started a school called The Academy that lasted 900 years
- Wrote The Republic
- The booked talked about a perfectly governed society-not a democracy
- In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into 3 groups: The farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
- The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king
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Aristotle 384-322 BC
Student of Plato
He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.
Taught Alexander the Great
“He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them”
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Colossus of Rhodes
- Statue of Helios, Greek________________________________________
Temple of
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