Monday- Went over the forum post leaders. Then we will be having our presentations. Throughout the week we did presentations. Thursday we had a quiz. Gone Friday.
Populist Movement- Help farmers out of debt. Give people a greater voice in government. Increase money supply in circulation. Graduated income tax. The more money you make, the more you have to pay in taxes. Federal loan program. Direct election of Senators. Single terms for president. (Presidents could be president for forever.) Secret Ballot- they would give you things, then expect you to vote for their candidate. 8 hour work day. Restrictions on immigration.
Chapter 6- Black gold- Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil in 1859. Gasoline was originally thrown away.
Bessemer Steel Process- Henry Bessemer and William Kelly, removing carbon from iron produces steel. Lighter more flexible less rust. Process involved injecting air into iron. Eventually replaced by open hearth process.
Uses for Steel- Biggest use was railroads. Used for barbed wire and farm machines. Also allowed for innovative construction.
Power of Electricity- Thomas Edison created the incandescent light bulb in 1880. Made system for inexpensive electricity. Led to bigger factories and cities.
Inventions- Typewriter in 1867, by Christopher Sholes. Telephone in 1876 by Alexander Bell. Women worked out of the home more. Helped lower work hours.
What caused the industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1880's? Steel, oil.
What were some inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on peoples lives? Light, electricity. Made things a lot easier.
What helped the industrial revolution take place? Tons of natural resources. Government helped business. Laissex faire, let alone. Let business do as they please. Rich white male dominated business. Cities were growing.
Railroads- Early 1880's, at the start of the Civil War the nation had about 30,000 miles of track. 1890 the nation had about 6 time more track.
People who worked on the Railroads- The Central Pacific Railroads hired thousands of Chinese immigrants. The union hired Irish Immigrants. Accidents and diseases killed thousands of men every year. 2,000 men died and 20,000 got injured and 188.
Railroad time- Was hard for workers because they had different time zones. Workers had to be there on time for work. C.F. Dowd said that the earth had 24 different time zones. In the US they had 4.
Why Farmers were mad- Farmers were mad with the railroad companies because the misuse of government land grants. They kept a lot of famers in in debt. They charged different customers different prices. Charged more for short hauls because there was not alternative carrier.
Grangers and the Railroads- The poor farmers elected legislators and passed for laws to protect their interstate. The railroads fought back challenging the constitutionally of the regular laws and was upheld. 1886 Supreme Court ruled that a state could not set rates on interstate commerce.
Interstate Commerce Act- Allowed the US government to supervise railroads. Set up interstate commerce commission to carry out law. Failed to help farmers. Huge impact.
Vertical Integration- What Andrew Carnegie did to improve his company. Buys out his suppliers. Coalfields, iron fields. Wanted to control raw materials and transportation systems. Monopoly- take over competitors.
Andrew Carnegie- Grew up broke, immigrant that came to the US. Got into the steel businesses, made hundreds of millions. Used the vertical integration method. Sold his business. Gave away over half of his money. Vertical integration- late 1880's.they would have their own stores, own ships, refinery, buy out everything. Horizontal integration- buying out other same companies.
Social Darwinism- Comes from Charles Darwin's theory on biological evolution. Natural Selection "survival of the fittest" Most say it had to with wealth. "The millionaires are the product of natural selection.
John Rockefeller- Was a company owner. Paid workers very low wage. Lowered prices on oil. Ran the other companies out. Once he had control of the market he shot prices way up.
Regulating Business- In the late 1880's and early 1890's the government really tired to cut off the monopolies.
Sherman Antitrust Act- It made it illegal to seek a monopoly on a product or service. This was an attempt to try and ban trusts. Ended up being ineffective. Trust- a tougher way to form a monopoly. 1911, it was used not effective.
Labor Unions- Groups that got together to change their conditions at work. Had strikes and sometimes refused to work. Knights of Labor was an early union that had about 700,000 people in it.
Key Questions- Tell about Andrew carney. Tell about john D. Rockefeller.
Labor Union- people get together and strike/vote on what they think is right.
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