September 14th

[5thMarea]

Ancient Athens Architecture & Art

1. Ancient Agora of Athens
   1. Marketplace for social, commercial and religious events
2. Temple of Zeus at Olympia
   1. Ancient Greek Temple in Olympia dedicated to the chief of the Gods, Zeus
   2. Built between 472 and 456 BC
   3. Very model of fully developed classical Greek Temple of the Doric Order
3. Segesta’s Temple
   1. Political temple for the Elymian people
4. Delphi Treasury
   1. Bulitto protect valuables

                                                               i.      Silver from representatives for city-states

1. Parthenon
   1. Temple dedicated to Athena
   2. Made of pentelic marble
   3. One of the most monumentl represenatitive symbols of the culture
2. Athena
   1. The Parthenon was the temple and stayed intact until 1687
   2. There were 2 statues of Athens, one inside the Pathenon and one outside
   3. Both statues of Athena are gone, but a temple for 400 BC remains that honors her
3. Acropolis
   1. The higest point of the town
   2. A home to kings, several temples, shrines, and sanctuaries
4. Arch of Hadrian
   1. Monumental gateway across an ancientroad in the center on Athens, Leadingto a complex og bulidings and sttucture
5. Temple of Athena Nike
   1. Made to worship the Greek Goddess of Athens
6. Greek Parliament
   1. Palace for Kings Otto and George I
   2. Also served as parliament and senate building
7. Ancient Agora
   1. Marketplace for social, commercial, and religious events
8. Theatre of Dionysus
   1. Where songs and dances were performed to honor Dionysus
9. Panathenic Stadium               
   1. Where males competed in events similar to  track and field
10. Library of Hadrian
    1. Consists of lecture halls, studies, and a library
11. ART
    1. One of the thing that survived to our day from the golden age is the Minoan art
    2. It provides insight into the culture that flourished in Crete
    3. Not much art survived for the Propalaial period
    4. The art in Athens is some of the most unique in the worls
    5. Their artistic abilities were shown through sculptures, pottery, and jewelry
12. Theatyer
    1. The Athenians had great theater art in the golden age
    2. Arion created chorus dinging and the shorus became part of plays
    3. One actor played multiple roles by wearing different masks and costumes
    4. The theater in it self was a simi-circle, the high class people lik the government officials and judges, mayors sons and the commoners sat in the idle to the back of the theater
    5. They had 3 different types of plays they performed: commercial, tragedies, and satyr

 

 

1. Architecture
   1. The Greeks developed 3 architectural designs

                                                               i.      Doric in plain and sturdy

                                                             ii.      Ionic in thinner and more decorated

                                                            iii.      Corinthian is fancy

Military

1. Delian League
   1. Founded by Athenians after the Persian Wars
   2. Delian League- came from the official meeting place of the League: Delos
   3. The league was a sort of confederacy dividing Greece into 5 districts: Thrace, Hellespont, Ionian, Carcia, and the islands
   4. It was a military organization whose purpose was basically to keep pushing the Persians out of Greece
   5. Overtime, Athens started turning the league into an empire
   6. The Peloponnesian War started as a result of the league making Athens too powerful—the league went up against Sparta and its allies
   7. The first member to the league that attempted to secede was Naxos
   8. After the rebellion was put down, they had to tear down their walls, give up their naval fleet and lose their vote in the league
   9. Other purposes of the league besides driving out Persia was to prepare for future invasions and organize a means for dividing the spoils of war
2. Grecian Warriors
   1. The ancient Greece roles in the war were to protects their country
   2. The warriors fought for their own personal glory instead of an organized formation
   3.  The solider farmers had tended to their farms before battles
   4. Death in war was the most glorious way to die
   5. Outside of being the warriors they lived normal lives like picking crops and families
   6. The down side to being a warrior was you were almost a slave and you were supposed to fight whenever they called you to fight
3. Key Players
   1. Themistoles leader of the Greeks Dursian Wars Spartans attempted to hold the pass of Thermopylae

                                                               i.      The Greek fleet was made of 300 ships, 200 of which wer Athenian

                                                             ii.      Themistcies wanted to stay t Salamis he began a fighe by sending aservant to Xerxes saying Athenians wanted to switch sides

                                                            iii.      Darius said his son Xerxes was associated with the Persian War

1. Leonidas was a 5^th century BC Spartan military king
2. Archidamus II was king of Spart form 469 to 427 BC one of his conflicts was call the Archidamian War
3. Phormio was most important Athenian commander during the Peloponnesian War
4. All key players, Archidamus II, Themistocles, King Darius, King Leonidas, Xerxes, Demosthenes, Brasidas, Phormio, and Pericles