September 12th

[2ndLogan]

Military

• phalanx
  
  • used in the battle of Marathon around 500 bc
  • one major downside to the phalanx is its use against cavalry
    
• naval war fare
  
  • Athens used naval warfare during the peloponnesian war
  • shipped grain and food into city
  • used ships called trireme
  • fought by ramming and boarding enemy ships
• Key Players
  
  • Pericles
    
    • politician, democrat
    • general
    • athenian
    • ruled Athens from 461-429 BC
    • led victories in the peloponnesian and Persian wars
  • Socrates
    
    • philosopher
    • athenian
    • scrutinized Athens, praised Sparta
    • not well like for that reason
  • Plato
    
    • student of Socrates
    • wrote the dialogues that contain most of Socrates ideas
  • Aristotle
    
    • student of Plato
    • teacher to Alexander the Great later in life
  • Archemides
    
    • well known mathematician
    • first to calculate pi
  • Pythagoras
    
    • developed the Pythagorean theorem
    • a2+b2=c2
• Delian League
  
  • Coalition of Greek states and Athenians
  • Founded in 478 bc
  • under the control of Athens
  • HQ was in Delos
  • What did it do?
    
    • free Ionian Greeks from Persia
    • Protect Aegean Sea
    • Use their sea power
    • Athens was the leader
    • Persian was run out of the Aegean Sea
• Famous battle
  
  • Persian War
    
    • Major battles Marathon, Thermopylae, and salamis
      
      • Marathon
        
        • 25000 Persians met 10000 Athenians
        • Persian fled after hours of fighting
        • Around 6000 Persians died while there were very few Athenians dead.
      • Thermopylae
        
        • 7000 Greeks and 300 Spartans
        • Stood up to the Persians for a long time
        • Persians found a way around mountain
        • Spartans let Greeks flee and stayed to fight
        • All 300 died
      • Salamis
        
        • Greeks abandoned Athens
        • Fought with their naval forces
        • destroyed most of Persian fleet
        • formed the Delian league to protect Greece
  • Peloponnesian War
    
    • Broke out in 431 and went until 404 bc
      
      • Battle of Pylos
        
        • 425 BC
        • Athenian naval forces were out attacking Zacynthus
        • Spartan troops decided to attack walled city called Pylos
        • Over 2000 Spartan troops
        • tried attacking sea side wall
        • Spartans failed to capture Pylos before the Athenian naval fleet could return
        • Tried blocking harbor but Athenian naval forces destroyed them
  • Weaponry
    
    • Swords
    • Iron knives compared to bronze
    • arrowheads
    • sling bullets
    • shields
    • archery
    • spears