9/4- notes
- Earliest Homo Sapiens
- Found in Morocco(Africa) June, 2017
- Oldest Homo sapiens fossils found so far
- Previous oldest was 150,000 years ago
- These fossils date back 300,000-350,000 years ago
- Controversial within scientific community
- Are they truly homo sapiens or "early modern humans"
- Neanderthal vs Cro-Magnon vs Modern
- Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
- Prior to more organized agriculture, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants-hunter-gatherer
- They lived in groups of about 25-70 people
- No one knows exactly how things changed, but about 10,000 years ago, people started more organized farming
- Along with planting crops, people also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats, and pigs
- As time went on, people started setting up villages, which then, over time, turned into towns and then some into cities
- As cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged leading to civilization
- As cities grew, social classes emerged
- Define Civilization
- An advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry and government has been reached
- A highly advanced society
- The Five Traits of a Civilization
- Advances cities
- Writing/Record keeping
- Specialized workers
- Complex institutions
- Advanced technology
9/5- notes
- Questions to Consider
- What are natural borders?
- Oceans, lakes, mountains, desserts
- What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilization?
- rivers, trees, mountains
- Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive?
- Borders like oceans and mountains keep unwanted people out.
- What are natural borders?
- Arose in 4 separate river balleys around 3500 BC
- Fertile soil, mild, climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops & drinking
- Provided for abundant crops and food supplies
Vocab
- Fertile Crecent- look at map
- Mesopotamia
- Greek for "land between the rivers" look at map
- City-state
- big powerful cities that were not united
- functioned like an independent country
- a city and the surrounding territory it controls
- Dynasty
- a series of rulers from a single family-father to son
- Cultural diffusion
- process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
- Polytheism
- belief in many gods
- Monotheism
- belief in only one god
- Empire
- group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
- What are some of the great empires of history?
- Roman, Persian, Chinese, British(largest empire)
9/6- notes
- Mandate from Heaven
- a just ruler that has approval from the gods
- an unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
- Dynastic Cycle
- the rise, fall and replacement of dynasties
9/7- started presentation
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