Sept. 17- Sept. 21

9/17- started presenting presentations

  • Phoenicians
    • Created the first phonetic alphabet
    • All modern languages are based off of this- Arabic, Hebrew, Latin, Greek
    • Canaanites move to Canaan
    • Conquered by Cyrus the Breat
    • Persians divided into four kingdoms- influence declined
    • Coastline of Mediterranean Sea and backed by mountains
      • Used to trade
    • It is now Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel
    • Elevation and land
      • different parts used for plants, animals
      • Hottest part was down south
      • Showers of rain 
      • Breeze from mountains- helped plants and animals
    • Mediterranean Sea
      • One of the biggest trading cities
      • Ships couldn't get through because of mountains
    • How did these help them?
      • Living near the sea, bordering with sea, connecting with sea
      • Advanced and superior boats
    • Known for ships for trading
      • cargo and trade holding boats
    • Ships 
      • Horse figure
        • Horse head to honor Yamm, the god of sea for Phoenicians- used to ram into other boats
        • Traded with many surrounding cities
      • Trading ships
        • round ships and huge storage ships
      • War ships
        • Two sails to hide officers
        • Forecastle for bowmen 
        • Rostrumm to ram other ships
    • Trade
      • Along the coast of Africa, and up to ancient Britain
    • Mountains
      • Used defense system 
      • Trees
        • Cedar trees 
        • Fir forests
          • Cedars were tall and packed with trees
    • Men did the active and physical jobs
    • Women were forced into doing the jobs men didn't want to do
    • Good at glass-making
    • Used a lot of purple dye which they used for dying the robes- purple dye showed royalty and rich
    • Related to Arabs
    • They were run by a king- City Council helped the king
    • Traded slaves, glass, wood
    • Farmed olives, grapes, wheat
    • Bred cattle
    • Many wealthy families and could supprt themselves
    • Advancements
      • First ones to use purple dyes
      • Used the ocean to their advantage
      • Started the rist alphabet

9/18- finished pheonician presentations

9/19- Harapan presentation

  • Harappans
    • Lived close to rivers
      • provided fish and water
    • Lived in Bronze age
      • Made shields, swords, spearheads
    • Located along the Indus River in present day Pakistan and Northwest India
    • Floods destroyed the area of Harappans
    • Well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout
    • One of the most important characteristics of the civilization was trade
      • area based off trade
      • high quality and profitable
      • produced cotton and subsistence for wheat of barley
      • traded to Mesopotamia to China
      • Walked by the rivers
    • Farmers brought food into the city
    • City workers made pots, cotton cloth, and beads
    • Traders brought material in and shipped them out
    • Surrounded by mountains and rivers
    • Peaceful civilization
    • Nearly all houses had indoor plumbing with showers and toilets 

9/20-

  • Babylonians
    • Flat land with 2 rivers
      • Tigris and Euphrates
    • Mountain appears in North and East
    • Today part of Iraq and Syria
    • Merchants and traders passing through
    • Largest and most powerful city at the time
    • Climate
      • hot and dry
      • winter was cold and wet
      • spring- rivers overflowed flooding plains
    • Abundance in crops- barly and sesame
    • Grazing land for sheep,, goats, and cattle
    • Clay formed into brick and writing tablets
    • Advances
      • Metal working 
      • Glassmaking
      • Food control
      • Textile weaving
      • Water storage and irrigation
      • Weapons
      • Steady environment and taxes collected
      • Hammurabi code
    • The river was the only way to travel
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