Athenian Religion
- Polytheistic (more than one god)
- Zeus-King of Gods and ruler of the sky, thunder and lightning, and his pregnant wife that was going to have Athena since he did not want to get over ruled by his offspring, Athena broke out of his skull, brothers: Poseidon and Hades
- Athena-daughter of Zeus, most important, wisdom, handicrafts, defense, and strategic warfare, fought to protect homeland and was fierce and brave
- Poseidon-King of the seas-weapon was the trident and it could shake the Earth and shatter any object-second in power only behind Zeus
- Ares-King of war-very aggressive and unpopular with the gods and humans-personified the brutalness of war-immortal-when he got hurt he would run to his father Zeus and be healed again
- Hera-Queen of gods and goddess of marriage and family-Zeus's wife-mother was Rhea and father was Cronos
- Hermes-He was the messenger for the gods and also the god of commerce and thieves-winged shoes and winged hat
- Hades-God of underworld and dead-very greedy and tried to increase his numbers
- Hephaestus-god of metal work and fire-born lame and weak-was an outcast of Olympus-Made gods weapons and artifacts
- Apollo-god of prophecy-patron of healing-popular with mortals-master archer and fleetfooter-it is said he won the first Olympic games
- Aphrodite-goddess of love and beauty, she was loved by all the gods and humans, married Hephaestus and had many children
- Dionysus-god of wine-making, ecstasy, and celebration-Zeus was his father
- Demeter- goddess of fertility of the earth, crops, nature, and seasons, many humans praised her so they could have a good harvest, sister of Zeus..
- Artemis- virgin goddess of the hunt, moon, animals, archery, and childbirth
- master archer, 6 golden horned deer to pull her chariot, daughter of Zeus, sister of Apollo
- Preyed because they believed that they had to worship and please the gods in order to have a good future
- Greeks participated in a number of rituals, rites, ceremonies, and sacrifices in order to impress the gods
- temples, shrines, statues, were erected as a designated place to offer sacrifices to the gods
- the alter, in front of the temple, was the most important part, where people gathered to worship
- religion was a predominant form of early Pagnism
- religion reflecte many central ideas and concepts of earlier forms of paganism such as Druidism, both ancient and Modern and Withchcraft and Wicca
- Athenian myths-daughter of Zeus-made his daughter with his bright eyed Truitogencia. Zues put his daughter his his own stoamach firts
- contest between poeidon and athena was a half snake half man named Cecrps that had to find a patreon for the Athens
- gods were interested in
- Poseiden struck the ground with his trident and water came out of ground but salty
- Athena stuck her spear
- The minotaur is a mythical creature that is part man part bull, lives in center of Labyrinth, an
Government
- Limited Democracy, included rich
- The people would directly vote on issues at elections, gave citizens roles, democracy rights, usually only on person
- Aristocreacty- state ruled by nobility, rule is heredity and based on ties social rank wealth, social status and wealth support rulers; authority, practiced in Athens prior to 594 BC
- Citizen ship-18 years of age, men 2 yrs military train, could take part in gov, adult men were full citizens, Athenians thought women were inferior, women couldn't participate in gov
- in Athens wealthy nobles and poor people clashed they avoided major political problems by taking reforms, tried to build a democracy, or gov by people, only free adult men were citizens
- Pericles-leader of Athens around 450 BC, made sure all citizens could take part of gov, allowed poor, any citizens could serve on a jury--arranged for them to be paid
- Socrates-teacher of philosophy in 400s, angered some by questioning laws, brought to trial for urging you people to revolt sentenced to death, most famous philosopher in Ancient Greece
- Plato-The republic he discusses his ideal form of gov in which a society could be constructed to bring out the best behavior of citizens, people have different weaknesses and strengths
- 3 Pillars-Assembly of Demos-Male Athenians listen, discuss, and vote on topics that affected Athenian life, spoke their minds and exercise their votes that had to do with the gov of city, was the most central and most definitive institution of their democracy, were paid for attending so poor would come, The counsel of 500-re[resented the full time gov of athens, 500 citizens, 50 from each 10 tribe serve 1 yr, issue laws on its own but main function was to prepare the agenda for meetings of the assembly talk and vote on Preliminary decrees, the peoples Court-Heliaea and other courts where citizen juries would listen to cases would vote on whether or not someone was guilty, and vote on punishments for people who were guilty, jurors 1/2 a drachma a day for being in jury, had to be at least 30 yrs old
- Supplemented by the council of the areopagus, the archons, and the generals
•Geography of Athens
•Marea Ferry, Taylor Freund, Cameron Renkly, Rhiana Chickering, and Cari Peters
- •Land
- •Location: Greece in Southern Europe
- •Includes thousands of islands
- •Mountains cover 70-80% of Greece
- •Made of marble or limestone
- •Limestone was in the hills that the city was located on
- •Surrounded by Mountains:
- •Aigaleo -West
- •Parnes -North
- •Pentelikon -Northeast
- •Hymettus -East
- •
- •Sea
- •The Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, The Sea of Crete
- •A peninsula jets out into the Mediterranean Sea
- •Southern Tip of Greece is called Peloponnesus
- •The isthmus, which is a narrow strip of land, connects the Peloponnesus to the rest of Greece
- •Fish were a part of diet
- •Used for trading and transportation
- •
- •
- •Climate
- •Mild, Wet Winters
- •About 50 degrees
- •A lot of rain
- •Mountains get snow
- •Hot, Dry Summers
- •About 80 degrees
- •Climate allows for a lot of outdoor activities
- •How did it hurt/help
- •Trade was easier and more common since the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea bordered Greece
- •There was no harsh weather
- •Land was covered in mountains, therefore transportation was very difficult
- •Crops could be grown easily, but farmland was scarce
- •Natural resources
- •Lignite
- •Petroleum
- •Iron Ore
- •Bauxite
- •Lead
- •Zinc
- •Nickel
- •Magnetite
- •Marble
- •Salt
- •Limestone
- • Marble Limestone
- •Trade
- •Sea trade was common in:
- •Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Sea
- •The most common ship in Greece was the cargo ship then the war ship
- •Transported goods and made Athens prosperous
- •The Athenians reached markets all over the Mediterranean as well as the far east as Egypt and Lydia
- •Traded with many different kinds of people
- •Expanded imports to new levels
- •Athens economy soared
- •
- Farming
- •Farming was hard due to limited amounts of good soil and cropland
- •20% of land was for growing crops
- •Main Crops:
- •Barley, Grapes, and Olives
- •Grain Crops were planted in October and Harvested between April and May
- •Olives harvested between November and February
- •Grapes picked in September
- •Barley was the main cereal crop and was used to make bread, porridge, and flour
- •Farms 4-5 acres of land
- •
- •Farming Cont.
- •Athens just grew enough crops to provide for family and if they had extra then they would take it to the local market
- •Some very large farms were run by overseers
- •One farmer made 30,000 drachmas in a year on a large farm
- •Average worker made 2 drachmas a day
- •Mining
- •Ore was common in Athens
- •Best known mine was the silver mines of Laurium
- •Their profits helped the growth of Athens
- •Slaves worked in the mines
- •They made weapons, tools, and armor with the metal
- •
- •Jobs
- •Did metal work because of the silver mines of Laurium
- •Druggists were usually female and they collected herbs to use them for medicine
- •Manual labor was performed by slaves
- •People with artistic abilities created images of deities and sold them to believers
- •Farming
- •Only free citizens could sign up for the military
Ancient Athens Architecture and Art
- Ancient Agora of Athens--market place for social, commercial and religious events
- Temple of Zeus at Olympia-ancient greek temple in Olymkpia dedicated to the chief of the God Zeus-model of temple of the doric order
- Segestas temple-political temple for the Olympian people
- Delphi Treasury-Built to protect valuables such as gold silver from representatives for city states
- Parhenon -temple dedicated to Athena, made of pentellic marble, one of the most monumental representative symbols of the culture
- Athena-the parthenon was the temple of Athena and stayed intact until 1687, 2 statues of Athena one inside and one outside, both are gone but temple form 400BC
- Acropolis-highest point of the town, home to kings, several temples and sancuaries
- Arch of Hadrian-monumental gateway across an ancient road in the center of Athesn leading to building and structure
- Temple of Athena Nike-made to worship Athena
- Greek Parlinment-palice for kings otto and george I, served also as a senate building and parliament
- Ancient Agora-Marketplace for social, commercial, and religious events
- Theatre of Dionysus-songs and dances were performed to honor Dionysus
- Panathenaic Stadium-where males competed in events similar to track and field
- Library of Hadriam-lecture halls, study, and library
- Art- one of the things that survived to our day from the golden age is the Minoon art-provides insight into the culture that flourished in Crete- not much art survived for the Prepalaial period-athens art is unique art in world-scultures pottery, and jewlry
- Theatre-Arion created chorus singing and the chorus became part of plays
-one actor played multiple parts, theatre was a semi circle--important people sat in middle to back- Commical, tragedies, and satyr (3 types of plays) - Architecture-The greeks developed 3 arch. designs: doric is plain and sturdy, ionic is thinner and more decorated, and corinthina is fancy
Greek Military
- Delian League was founded by the Athenians after the Persian Wars.
- The name comes from the meeting place Delos
- Confederacy dividing Greece into 5 districts: Thrace, Hellespont, Ionia, Caria, and the islands
- keep pushing Persians out of Greece
- over time turned into empire
- Pelopennisian war started becuase of the league making athens to power ful-- it went up against Sparta and its allies
- first member attempted to secede was Naxos
- after rebellion was put down, they had to tear down their walls, give up their naval fleet, and lose their vote
- other purposes of the league besides driving out persia was to prepare for future invasions
- Ancient Greece roles in the war were to protect their country, the warriors fought tor their own personal glory instead of organization formation
- death in war was the most glorius way to die
- soldier farmers tended to their farm before battle
- to protect their country
- outside of being a soldier, they lived normal lives by farming
- down side: you were almost a slave and were supposed to fight when you were called
- Themistoles leader of the Greeks Dursian wars spartans attempted to hold the pass of thermoplae
- greek fleet was made of 300 ships of which were athenian
- Themistcies wanted to stay at slamis he began a fight by sending a servant to Xerxes saying athenians wanted to switch sides
- Darius said his son Xeres was associated with Persian wars
- Leonides was a 5th century BC spartan military king
- Archidamius II was king of Sparta from 469 to 427 BC on of his conflicts was called the Archadamian war
- Phormio-most important Athenian commander during the peloponnesian war
Comments