Blogs

Sept. 10, 2012

Posted by 5thRHIANA on September 10, 2012 at 5:46pm

Today we continued to work on our projects. (See Below)

Geography (all of Greece)

  • Land-Marea
    • Located in Southern Europe in Greece
    • Includes thousands of islands
    • Mountains cover 70-80 percent of Greece
    • surrounded by mountains (Aigaleo to the west, Parnes to the north, Pentelikon to the northeast, and Hymettus to the east
      • most of the mountains are made of limestone or marble, ancient buildings were constructed of marble and limestone
    • limestone was in the hills that the city was sitting on
  • Sea-Rhiana
    • Greece is bordered by the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea
    • Greece has a peninsula that sticks out in the Mediterranean Sea.
    • The southern tip of Greece is a second peninsula called the Peloponnesus.
    • The isthmus, which is a narrow strip of land, connects the Peloponnesus to the rest of Greece.
    • The fish from the seas were a part of their diet
    • The sea was used for trading and transportation.
  • Climate:-Taylor F.
    • Mild, wet winters
    • Hot, dry summers
    • In the winter the temperature is about 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
    • In the summer the temperature is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
    • Greece’s climate allows for outdoor activities.
    • Rain is very heavy during the winter months, with mountains getting snow
  • How did it help and hurt during battle-Cameron
    • Trade was easier and more common, since the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea bordered Greece.
    • The climate-no harsh weather
    • The land was covered in mountains-transportation was hard
    • Crops could be grown easily, but farmland was scarce
  • Natural Resources-Cari
    • Liginte
    • Petroleum
    • Iron Ore
    • Bauxite
    • Lead
    • Zinc
    • Nickel
    • Magnesite
    • Marble
    • Salt
    • Hydropower Potential
    • Limestone
  • Trade-Marea
    • Sea trade in the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea was very common
    • The most common ship in Greece was the cargo ship, second only to the warship. These ships transported goods and made greece prosperous.
    • The Greeks reached markets all over the Mediterranean as well as the far east, Egypt and Lydia.
    • They traded with many different kinds of people, which expanded their imports to new levels.
    • Everything that the Greeks needed was in their reach so their economy soared.
  • Farming-Rhiana
    • Farming in Greece was hard due to limited amounts of good soil and cropland
    • Only 20 percent of land was for growing crops
    • Main crops: barley, grapes, and olives
    • Grain crops planted in October and harvested in April or May
    • Olives harvested November-February
    • Grapes picked in September
    • Barley was the main cereal crop
    • Barley was used to make bread, porridge, or flour
    • Farms: 4-5 acres of land
    • Just grew enough to support family and maybe a surplus for selling at market
    • Some very large farms run by overseers.
    • One farmer made 30,000 drachmas in a year on the large farm
    • Average worker made two drachmas a day

Mining-Taylor F.

  • Ore was common in Greece

    • best known mine was the silver mines of Laurium
    • Their profits helped the growth of Athens
    • Slaves worked the mines
    • They made weapons, tools, and armor with the metal
  • What were some different jobs to do with the environment/geography back then-Cameron
    • They did metal work because of the the silver mines of Laurium
    • Druggists were usually female, and they gathered herbs and used the herbs to make various medications.
    • Manual labor was performed by slaves
    • Those with artistic abilities created images of deities and sold them to believers.
    • Farming
    • Only free citizens could sign up for the military

  • Questions-Cari
    • What were summers like in Athens?
    • What were three natural resources found in Athens?
    • How did the help during the battle?


Sources:
http://www.indexmundi.com/greece/natural_resources.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology
http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcgreece.htm
http://www.ehow.com/info_8395924_jobs-ancient-greeks.html
http://www.eduplace.com/parents/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_01.pdf
http://www.athensguide.org/athens-greece-map-geography.html
http://www.historylink102.com/greece3/jobs-farming.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01723/G-Trade.htm
http://www.kidport.com/reflib/worldgeography/greece/greece.htm#Climate

Worked on Project


Rhiana Chickering
Marea Ferry
Taylor Freund
Cameron Renkly
Cari Peters

Geography (all of Greece)

  • Land
    • Located in Southern Europe in Greece
    • Includes thousands of islands
    • Mountains cover 70-80 percent of Greece
    • surrounded by mountains (Aigaleo to the west, Parnes to the north, Pentelikon to the northeast, and Hymettus to the
      • most of the mountains are made of limestone or marble, ancient buildings were constructed of marble and limestone
    • limestone was in the hills that the city was sitting on
  • Sea
    • Greece is bordered by the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea
    • Greece has a peninsula that sticks out in the Mediterranean Sea.
    • The southern tip of Greece is a second peninsula called the Peloponnesus.
    • The isthmus, which is a narrow strip of land, connects the Peloponnesus to the rest of Greece.
    • The fish from the seas were a part of their diet
    • The sea was used for trading and transportation.
  • Climate:
    • Mild, wet winters
    • Hot, dry summers
    • In the winter the temperature is about 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
    • In the summer the temperature is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
    • Greece’s climate allows for outdoor activities.
    • Rain is very heavy during the winter months, with mountains getting snow
  • How did it help and hurt during battle
    • Trade was easier and more common, since the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea bordered Greece.
  • Natural Resources
    • Liginte
    • Petroleum
    • Iron Ore
    • Bauxite
    • Lead
    • Zinc
    • Nickel
    • Magnesite
    • Marble
    • Salt
    • Hydropower Potential
    • Limestone
  • Trade
    • Sea trade in the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea was very common
    • The most common ship in Greece was the cargo ship, second only to the warship. These ships transported goods and made greece prosperous.
    • The Greeks reached markets all over the Mediterranean as well as the far east, Egypt and Lydia.
    • They traded with many different kinds of people, which expanded their imports to new levels.
    • Everything that the Greeks needed was in their reach so their economy soared.
  • Farming?
    • Farming in Greece was hard due to limited amounts of good soil and cropland
    • Only 20 percent of land was for growing crops
    • Main crops: barley, grapes, and olives
    • Grain crops planted in October and harvested in April or May
    • Olives harvested November-February
    • Grapes picked in September
    • Barley was the main cereal crop
    • Barley was used to make bread, porridge, or flour
    • Farms: 4-5 acres of land
    • Just grew enough to support family and maybe a surplus for selling at market
    • Some very large farms run by overseers.
    • One farmer made 30,000 drachmas in a year on the large farm
    • Average worker made two drachmas a day

Mining

  • Ore was common in Greece
    • best known mine was the silver mines of Laurium
    • Their profits helped the growth of Athens
    • Slaves worked the mines
    • They made weapons, tools, and armor with the metal
  • What were some different jobs to do with the environment/geography back then
  • They did metal work because of the the silver mines of Laurium
  • Druggists were usually female, and they gathered herbs and used the herbs to make various medications.


Sources:
http://www.indexmundi.com/greece/natural_resources.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology
http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcgreece.htm
http://www.ehow.com/info_8395924_jobs-ancient-greeks.html
http://www.eduplace.com/parents/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_11_01.pdf
http://www.athensguide.org/athens-greece-map-geography.html
http://www.historylink102.com/greece3/jobs-farming.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01723/G-Trade.htm
http://www.kidport.com/reflib/worldgeography/greece/greece.htm#Climate

Persian War

  • War between Greece and Persian Empire
  • began in ionia
  • greeks were settled there but persians conquered it around 546BC
  • Ionian Greeks revolted
    • Athens sent soldiers to help the revolt
    • Darius the Great defeated the revolt and then vowed to destroy athens
  • 490 BC the Persian fleet of 25000 men landed in an area ccalled marathon
  • 10000 Athenians meet them there
  • After several hours of fighting
    • Persians fled the battlefield
    • 6000 persian lives were lost
    • 200 or less Athenians lives were lost
  • The athenians were using this new fighting formation, Phalanx
  • Persians were not well trained in this tyope of land fighting
  • The Persians also wore very light armor compared to that of the Athenians
  • Athenians were fighting on their homeland

Marathon

  • Athenians had won, but they left their city without much of an army
  • army leaders would send a runner to alert Athens of the battle
  • Pheidippides was that runner
  • He ran 26 miles from Marathon to Athens
  • Persians tried to quickly attack athens after their defeat at marathon but the athenians had already returned, so they fled once again

Ten years later

  • Xerxes, Darius the Great's son, had become the successor of the Persian army.
  • He brought an enormous army with him to complete the job that his father once vowed

Greek Issues

  • the greeks were very divided on how to handle the persian situation.
    • some city-states thought that they should fight them and defend their city of athens
    • some city-states thought it was't worth it and they should just allow them to burn it
    • some even fought with the Persians

Thermopylae

  • a narrow mountain pass was the setting of this battle
  • 7000 Greeks and 300 Spartans stood in the way of Xerxes and his huge army on this push to get to athens
  • Xerxes underestimated the Greeks and Spartans, however, they stood up for three days to them

300

  • a traitor went to Xerxes and informed him of a secret path around the pass.
  • Fearing the defeat, the spartans fought the persians so that the greeks could flee to fight another day
  • all 300 were killed including Leonidas

Lasting Effects of Spartan Sacrifice

  • made a great impression on the greeks
  • allowed the remaining greeks to retreat and fight the persians again
  • Showed Xerxes what he was up against

Slamis

  • greeks abandoned athens, because they thought fighting at sea was their best chance
  • they were right, Xerxes watched as 1/3 of this fleet was sunk. (Diminished his army)

Lasting effects of Persian war

  • The Delian League was created. (An alliance of Greek city-states to continued to pust the Persians out of all Greece
  • Athenians wash the head of the league and moved the head quaters to athens
  • this gave athenians a lot of power and helped push them into their golden age

Technology

  • the Dorian age, only rich could afford to buy bronze weapons and armor
  • Iron later replaced bronze, allowed common man to fight
  • new formation was formed in battle called the phalanx, spear in one hand, shield in other

During the Dorian Period

  • Dorian and Mycenaean people started to identify less with culture of their ancestors and more with the local area
  • Gov't made the transition from tribal or clan control to more formal gov'ts called city-states
  • A polis was made up of a city and its surrounding countryside, which would include numerous villages.
  • Citizens of the polis would come together to meet at an acropolis to discus their city gov't
  • Not all city-states had the same form of gov't
  • Monarchy-state ruled by king, rule is hereditary, some rulers claim that they have a divine right (picked by God to lead and govern the people) to rule, practiced in Mycenae by 2000 BC
  • Aristocracy-state ruled by nobility, rule is hereditary and based on ties, social rank, and wealth, social status and wealth support rulers' authority, practiced in Athens prior to 594 BC
  • Oligarchy-state ruled by a small group of citizens, rule is based on wealth and/or ability, ruling group controls the military, practiced in Sparta by 500 BC
  • Direct Democracy-state ruled by citizens, rule is based on citizenship (not if you live there, there are requirements), majority rule decides vote, practiced in Athens by 500 BC
  • Athens-about the 600 BC, Athens was taking steps toward a democracy, there were major reforms for the next 100 years that would eventually lead to a democracy starting around 500 BC
    • Draco
      • Developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under law
      • He had very harsh punishments for nearly and crime
      • He believed in debt slavery
      • The word "draconian" has come to mean "extreme cruelty or severity"
    • Solon
      • Stated that no citizen should own another
      • Organized Athens into four social classes based on wealth
      • Only top three classes could hold political office
      • However, all four could participate in the Athenian assembly
    • Cleisthenes
      • Broke Athens up based on region that the citizens lived instead of wealth (10 groups)
      • Increased the power of the assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage.
      • Created the Council of Five Hundred
        • Proposed laws
        • Counseled the assembly
        • Members were chosen at random
  • Limited Democracy
    • The reforms allowed for a limited democracy, but all people were citizens
    • Requirements of Citizenship
      • Free
      • Adult
      • Property owner
      • Born in Athens
  • Sparta, located in the southern part of Greece, and was cut off from the rest o Greece by the Gulf of Corinth
    • Government-several branches
      • assembly, all citizens, elected officials and voted on major issues
      • council of elders, 30 older citizens, proposed laws on the assembly to vote on
      • 5 elected officials that carried out the laws that were passed by the assembly
      • 2 kings that ruled over Sparta's military
  • Athens vs. Sparta
    • Compare and contrast
    • my topic was responsibilities of citizens and non-citizens

Classical Greece

Sea

  • allowed opportunity for trade and travel
  • allowed Greece to get natural resources that it lacked: timer, precious metals, usable farmland

Land

  • Rugged mountains covered about 3/4% of ancient Greece
  • Mountains were often the divider for different regions.
  • Played big role in wars, Hard to move through mountains with large army.

Climate

  • Upper 40s in winter
  • lower 80s in summer
  • allowed for many outdoor activities

Classical Greece

  • Minoan-created an elegant civilization that had great power that started around 3000 bc
  • Minoans culture influenced the Mycenaeans
  • Writing, language
  • Design
  • Trade
  • Ships to trade goods
  • Mycenaeans-influenced by minoans
  • came from Indo-European migrants
  • Dominated Greece from 1600 BC to 1100 BC
  • Dorian
  • spoke a kind of greek
  • Not as advanced as the others, no writing system
  • focused more on story telling
    -best is Homer


 

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